Muscular System

Question 1

What are the three muscle types?

Answer 1

Involuntary muscle, voluntary muscle, cardiac muscle.

Question 2

What is an involuntary muscle?

Answer 2

• unconsiously controlled
  -found in internal organs
• found in digestive system, circulatory, unrinary.
• blood vessels vasoconstrict and dilate to allow blood shunting.

Question 3

What is a cardiac muscle?

Answer 3

-found in the wall of the heart.
-unconsciously controlled
- regulates heart rate and pumps blood in body in less than a minute.
-when running its the cardiac muscle that keeps your heart pumping in the right way.
- contract to allow movement

Question 4

What are antagonistic pairs?

Answer 4

Muscles that work together while contracting and relaxing at the same time which caused movement at the joint.

Question 5

State an antagonistic pair in the arm and their movement in the join.

Answer 5

Bicep and tricep, elbow (hinge joint), extension and flex ion.

Question 6

State the antagonistic pair on the upper leg. State the movement in the joint.

Answer 6

Hamstrings and quadriceps, knee (hinge), extension and flexion.

Question 7

Antagonistic pair in the lower part of the leg and state the movement in the joint.

Answer 7

Gastrocnemius and Tibialis anterior, ankle (hinge), dorsi flexion and plantar flexion.

Question 8

Antagonistic pairs at the hip and movement.

Answer 8

Hip flexors and gluteals, ball and socket, extension and flexion.

Question 9

What are the two types of muscle fibres?

Answer 9

Fast twitch and slow twitch.

Question 10

What is type 1?

Answer 10

Slow twitch speed
Small amount of force
Highly fatigue resistant
- aerobic energy production
- small and red

Aerobic activities such as walking jogging and cycling.
(Endurance events)

Question 11

What is type 11a?

Answer 11

Intermediate/fast twitch speed.
Intermediate fatigue resistance.
Medium force of contraction
medium sized

Anaerobic activities such as swimming or a mile run - over a set distance.
Longer duration higher intensity events

Question 12

What is Type 11x?

Answer 12

High levels of glucose.
Fast twitch speed
Produce lots of energy
Low fatigue resistance
Explosive movements
High force of contraction
large and white

Anaerobic - sprinting, weight lifting, 100m long jump, high jump, javelin
Short duration high intensity events

Question 13

Explain the two muscle fibres used in sprinting.

Answer 13

Type 11a and type 11x. Fast twitch speed. Type 11a used in the beginning of the sprint and then type 11x used at the last metres - to gain speed and power and explosive movements.

Question 14

what are voluntary muscles?

Answer 14

• Found in skeletal muscles
• conciously controlled
  -contract to allow mvoement