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ANAPHY > muscoskeletal system > Flashcards

muscoskeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

structure is nearer the vertex

A

superior

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2
Q

structure that is situated nearer the sole of the foot

A

inferior

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3
Q

related to the cranium and is a useful directional
term, meaning toward the head or cranium; head = reference
point

A

cranial

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4
Q

useful directional term that means toward the feet or
tail region, represented in humans by the coccyx (tail bone);
reference point = coccyx

A

causal

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5
Q

back surface of the body or nearer to the back; no
specific point of reference. Refers to the back surface.

A

posterior

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6
Q

front surface of the body; no specific point of
reference. Refers to the front surface.

A

anterior

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7
Q

structure is nearer to the median plane of the body;
point of reference: median plane

A

medial

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8
Q

structureisfartherawayfromthemedianplane;point
of reference: median plane

A

lateral

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9
Q

superior aspect of any part that protrudes anteriorly
from the body. Eg. Penis, nose, feet

A

dorsum

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10
Q

nferior aspect or bottom of the foot, opposite the dorsum.

A

sole

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11
Q

surface of the hand and fingers corresponding to the palm; refer to specific areas like hands

A

palmar surface

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12
Q

surface of the foot and toes corresponding
to the sole; refer to specific areas like sole

A

plantar surface

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13
Q

position of structures
relative to the surface of the body.

A

superficial, intermediate and deep

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14
Q

contrasting positions nearer to or farther
from the attachment of a limb; point of reference: trunk

A

Proximal & Distal,

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15
Q

highest point of the body; the bony landmark of the
skull.

A

vertex

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16
Q

what are the functions of the bones?

A

support, protection, allows movements, blood cell formation, storage

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17
Q

occurs in the red marrow cavities of certain bones

A

hematopoiesis

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18
Q

is stored in the internal (marrow) cavities of bones. A yellow structure inside the madellar cavity

A

fat

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19
Q

_____________ are usually red, meaning it is active in producing different cell lines such as red and white blood cells. But as we age and grow older, these are replaced by _____.

A

marrows and fat

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20
Q

serves as the storehouse for minerals

A

bone

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21
Q

what are the minerals that are important for the bone?

A

calcium and phosphate

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22
Q

most of the body’s calcium are deposited in the bones as ___________

A

calcium salts

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23
Q

Generally cube-shaped
Made up mostly of spongy bone (middle) with an outer
layer of compact bone

A

short bones

24
Q

special bones made or which form within
tendons, are a special type of short bone.

A

sesamoid bones

25
Q

where are the sesamoid bones usually found?

A

patella

26
Q

examples of short bones?

A

wrist and ankles, sesamoid bones, talus

27
Q

Dense and looks smooth and homogenous

A

compact bones

28
Q

Spongy bone has a spiky, open appearance like a sponge

A

spongy bones

29
Q

they are the macrophages of the bones

A

osteoclasts

30
Q

macrophages if they are in the lungs

A

alveolar

31
Q

macrophages of the brain

A

microbial cells

32
Q

macrophages of the liver?

A

copper cells

33
Q

Produce acid and protein-digesting enzymes used in bone reabsorption

A

osteoclasts

34
Q

Tiny Cavities in the bone matrix containing the osteocytes

A

lacuna

35
Q

Typically longer than they are wide
Asarule,theyhaveashaftwithenlargedcells

A

long bones 1

36
Q

Mature bone cell

A

osteocytes

37
Q

Mature bone cells found in tiny cavities called

A

lacunae

38
Q

they are the bone-building cells and immature bone cells

A

osteoblasts

39
Q

calcium and phosphate are combined to form the _________, which forms the bone matrix

A

hydroxyapatite

40
Q

the formation of the bone matrix

A

ossification

41
Q

are lacunae that are arranged in concentric circles

A

lamellae

42
Q

they are tiny canals radiating outwards from the central canal

A

canaliculi

43
Q

Transportation system that connects bone cells for nutrient supply and waste removal

A

canaliculi

44
Q

Same as canaliculi but run in the opposite direction—
Periosteum towards the central canal which contains blood vessels.

A

perforating canals (volkmann’s canals)

45
Q

brings waste from the periosteum or from the bone
towards the veins and back to the heart.

A

perforating canals

46
Q

Structural and Functional unit of the bone
Complex consisting of central canal and matrix rings with
blood vessels, nerve, and bone matrix.

A

osteon

47
Q

what are the 2 types of bone formation?

A

intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification

48
Q

Expansionofcentersofossificationonmembraneslaterally
or from the centers, resulting oldest bones in the center of the membrane.

A

intramembranous ossification

49
Q

at what blueprint is being used during the making of endochondral ossification?

A

blueprint of a hyaline cartilage model

50
Q

endochondral type of ossification.

A

Bone growth

51
Q

occurs when there are patient’s habitus, gains weight, lack of calcium, the bone will grow crosswise or increasing in the width in bearing weight just to compensate. Other patients will have bone fractures. Remodeling will have a role in preserving fragments or debris from factors.

A

bone remodelling

52
Q

Diseases of children in which bones fails to calcify

A

rickets

53
Q

Bonebreakscleanlybutdoesnotpenetratetheskin
Injurystaysinside.Notexposedtotheoutside,hence,less
chances of getting pathogens to come contact with injury
and less blood loss.

A

Closed (simple) fractures

54
Q

Broken bone ends to penetrate through the skin
Blood loss is more severe and more chances of getting
infected.

A

Simple (Compound) fractures

55
Q

2 major bone groups

A

Axial and appendicular

ANAPHY (37 decks)

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