ANAPHY CHAPTER 1 (1.1-1.4) Flashcards
Is the coordinated function of all the parts of the human body
Stimuli
It is the responds to changes in the environment
Stimuli
It is the investigation of the structure of the body
Anatomy
What is the meaning of anatomy?
to cut apart and separate
- Examines the relationship between the structure of a body part and its function
Anatomy
What are the two basic approaches of anatomy?
Systemic anatomy and Regional anatomy
Is the study of the body by systems
it is the approach taken in this and most introductory books
Systemic anatomy
Is the study of the body by organizations or by region of the body
Regional Anatomy
What approach of anatomy is taken mostly by medical and dental schools
Regional anatomy
What are the two ways of examining the internal structure of a living person?
Surface anatomy and Anatomical Imaging
Is the study of the external features of the body
Surface Anatomy
What is the meaning of surface anatomy
it is one of the general ways of examining the internal structures of a living person as it studies the external features of the body
What part of the body serves as landmarks for locating deeper structures of the tissue?
Bony projections
Where does “Bony projections” belong to in terms of the general way of examining the internal structure of a living person?
Surface anatomy
It is the involvement in using x-rays, ultrasounds, magnetic resonance imagine (MRI) and others to create pictures of internal structures
Anatomical imaging
What is anatomical imaging?
Is the involvement of using x-rays, MRI and other technology in creating pictures of internal structures.
It is the study of process or function of living things
Physiology
What are the goals in studying Physiology?
-to understand and predict the body’s response to stimuli
-To understand how the body maintains internal conditions with a narrow range of values in the presence of continually changing interna and external environments
is the study of a specific organism, the human
Human Physiology
Are subdivisions that Emphasizes the specific organization levels
Cellular physiology and systemic physiology
What are the six structural levels of organizations?
Chemical
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organisms
Involves how atoms, such as hydrogen and carbon, interact and combine to form molecules
Chemical Level
Are rope like fibers that gives the skin structural strength and flexibility
Collagen molecules
Are the basic structural and functional units of organisms
Cells
If combined it forms organelles
Molecules
Are the small structures that make up some cells
Organelles
Are groups of similar cells
Tissue
What are the four primary tissue types?
Epithelial
Connective
Muscles
Nervous
Composed of two or more tissue types?
Organs
What are the major organs of the body?
Brain
Lungs
Heart
Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Large intestine
Urinary bladder
Spinal Cord
Spleen
Stomach
Kidney
Small intestine
Is a group of organs classified as a unit
Organ system
The coordinated activity of the ________ is necessary for a normal function
Organ system
is the external covering of the body, consists of hair, skin, fingernails, sebaceous glands and sweat glands
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
What does the integumentary system consists of?
Hair, skin, fingernails, sebaceous glands and sweat glands
waterproofs the body, cushions it and protects deeper tissues
Integumentary system
It produces vitamin D
Integumentary system
What does the integumentary produces?
Vitamin D
Excretes salt and regulates body temperature
Integumentary system
__________ are located in the skin for alerting purposes
Sensory Receptors
Consists of bones, associated cartilages, ligaments and joints
Skeletal system
What are the parts of the skeletal system?
Skull
Clavicle
Sternum
Ribs
Humerus
Vertebral column
Radius
Ulna
Pelvis
Femur
Tibia Fibula
It supports the body and provides framework and protection
Skeletal system
________ are the sources where blood cells are formed?
Cavities
Stores mineral and adipose tissue
Skeletal system
its function is contract or shorten
Muscular system
are large fleshy muscles attached to the bones
Skeletal muscles
Forms the muscular system
Skeletal muscles
Body’s fast acting control system
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Detects sensation and controls movements, physiological processes and intellectural functions
NERVOUS SYSTEM
What does the nervous system consists of?
brain, spinal cord, nerve and cauda equina
Ables to detect changes in the body namely, temp., pressure or light and send messages
Sensory receptors
What is the process of the sensory receptors
Send messages, nerve impulses, goes to the brain and spinal cord and activates the body effectors
Acts slowly as it produces hormones that travels in the blood to perform and target specific organs
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Is a system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction and many other functions
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
What are the organs included in the endocrine system?
Hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal gland, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, thymus, pancreas, ovaries and testes
They aren’t connected anatomically but has common purpose, which is to secrete hormones
Endocrine system
What type of system, transports nutrients, waste products, gases and hormones throughout the body
Cardiovascular system
Has a role in the immune response and regulation of the body temperature
Cardiovascular system
What are the primary organs of the cardiovascular system?
Heart and blood vessels
Carries oxygen nutrients; hormones and other substances to and picks up carbon dioxide
Blood
What cell Protects the body from foreign invaders
White blood cells
What are the organs of the cardiovascular system?
Carotid Artery
Superior vena cava
jugular vein
pulmonary trunk
heart
brachial artery
aorta
inferior vena cava
femoral artery and vein
Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance and absorbs dietary fats from the digestive tract.
Lymphatic system
Complements that of the cardiovascular system
lymphatic system
What does the lymphatic vessel do when blood is leaked to the tissue?
Returns it to the bloodstream
Helps to cleans the blood and house white blood cells for immunity
Lymphatic system
Regulates blood pH
Respiratory system
keeps the body supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
respiratory system
organs of the respiratory system
Nose, nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, trachea, Bronchi, lungs
Gases are exchange in the blood through thin wall air sacs
Respiratory system
A tube from the mouth to the anus
Digestive system
What are the parts of the digestive system?
Pharynx
Oral cavity
Salivary Glands
Esophagus
Stomach
small intestines
large intestines
Rectum
Gallbladder
Appendix
Liver
Pancreas
Anus
Breaks down food and delivers nutrients to the body
Digestive system
Performs the mechanical and chemical processes
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Its main function is to reabsorb water
Digestive system
Produces bile
Liver
whatorganAids the digestion and breaking down of food
liver-bile
Delivers digestive enzymes
Pancreas
Has an endocrine and digestive functions
Pancreas
Removes nitrogen- containing wastes from the blood which secretes out as urine
URINARY SYSTEM`
Removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, Ion balance and water balance
URINARY SYSTEM
What are the organs of the urinary system
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Maintains the electrolytes and regulate normal body temp.
URINARY SYSTEM
Produces Oocyte and is the site of fertilization and fetal development
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Produces hormones, milk and sexual function and behaviors
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
is an immature ovum or immature egg
Oocyte
What are the organs part of the female reproductive system?
Mammary gland, uterine tube, ovary, uterus, vagina
Produces sperm and hormones that influences sexual functions and behaviors
Male Reproductive System
