LESSON 10 PART 4

Question 1

the major functions of the digestive system?

Answer 1

digestion and absorption

Question 2

what are the 6 essential activities of the GI system?

Answer 2

ingestion, propulsion, mechanical breakdown, digestion, absorption and secretion

Question 3

To be processed by more than one digestive organ

Answer 3

propulsion

Question 4

This is an active, voluntary process

Answer 4

ingestion

Question 5

The transport of the end products from the lumen of the GI tract to the blood or lymph.

Answer 5

absorption

Question 6

once the food has been mixed,_________ begins in the upper half of the stomach, and the contractions increase in force as the food approaches the pyloric valve

Answer 6

peristaltic waves or rippling peristalsis

Question 7

how many ml of chyme is being hold of the pylorous of the stomach? How many is being released to pyloric valve and to the small intestine?

Answer 7

30 ml, 3 ml

Question 8

once the peristaltic wave reaches the pyloric valve the remaining 27 ml is propelled back to the stomach for more mixing, what process is this called?

Answer 8

retropulsion

Question 9

how many ml of chyme is left after the release of the pyloric valve contraction?

Answer 9

3ml

Question 10

When the duodenum is filled with chyme and its wall is stretched, a nervous reflex, the _________, occurs. It slows the emptying of the stomach by inhibiting the vagus nerves and tightening the pyloric sphincter, thus allowing time for intestinal processing to catch up.

Answer 10

enterogastric reflex

Question 11

how many hours does the stomach would be empty? what if its high fat content?

Answer 11

4 hours, 6 hours

Question 12

how many hours does the small intestine complete its journey?

Answer 12

3-6 hours

Question 13

during the food breakdown and absorption what has been only digested? and what has been not digest?

Answer 13

carbohydrates and protein, fats have not yet been digested

Question 14

an enzyme break down double sugars into simple sugars and complete protein digestion.

Answer 14

brush border enzymes

Question 15

an enzyme is relatively poor?

Answer 15

insteinal juice

Question 16

probably the most important intestinal gland secretion.

Answer 16

protective mucus

Question 17

the pancreatic juice contains enzymes that?

Answer 17

pancreatic amylase
half of protein digestion via trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase
presence of lipases for fat digestion
digest nucleic acids (nucleases)

Question 18

contains a rich supply of bicarbonate, which makes it very basic (about pH 8). Provides the proper environment for activation and activity of intestinal and pancreatic digestive enzymes.

Answer 18

pancreatic juice

Question 19

what stimulates the release of pancreatic juice?

Answer 19

vagus nerves and local hormones

Question 20

when chyme enters the small intestine, it stimulates the _______ to produce __________?

Answer 20

mucosa cell to produce secretic and cholecystokinin

Question 21

it is influence the release of pancreatic juice and bile

Answer 21

secretic and cholecystokinin

Question 22

a hormone that causes the liver to increase its output of bile

Answer 22

secretic

Question 23

these hormones enter the blood and circulate to the target organs, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder, that work together to stimulate the pancreas to release its
enzymes in the bicarbonate rich product.

Answer 23

secretin and cholecystokinin

Question 24

causes the gallbladder to contract and release stored bile into the bile duct so that bile and pancreatic juice enter the small intestine together

Answer 24

cholecystokinin

Question 25

what does the bile help in absorption?

Answer 25

absorption of fats and vitamin A D E K

Question 26

_________ are absorbed passively by the process of diffusion. Lipid breakdown products enter both the capillary beds and the lacteals in the villi and are carried to the _______ by both blood and lymphatic fluids.

Answer 26

lipids and fats, liver

Question 27

how are substances absorbed by the small intestine what transport is it? after it will then enter the villi and to be tranported by what vein blood to liver?

Answer 27

active transport, hepatic portal vein

Question 28

CCK

Answer 28

cholecystokinin

Question 29

what does the cholecystokinin stimulate?

Answer 29

stimulates the release of the galbladder to release more bile

Question 30

the secretin stimulates?

Answer 30

stimulates the liver to release more bile

Question 31

are absorbed passively by the process of diffusion.

Answer 31

lipids or fats

Question 32

is the major means of propelling food through the digestive tract.

Answer 32

persitalsis

Question 33

sucrose, maltose and lactose turns to?

Answer 33

glucose

Question 34

sucrose turns to?

Answer 34

fructose and glucose

Question 35

lactose turns to?

Answer 35

galactose and glucose

Question 36

maltose turns to

Answer 36

glucose

Question 37

how many hours does the large intestine journey be completed?

Answer 37

12-24 hours

Question 38

itself produces no digestive enzymes.

Answer 38

colon

Question 39

live in its lumen (large intestine) metabolize some of the remaining nutrients, releasing gases

Answer 39

resident bacteria

Question 40

what gas is being produced by the resident bacteria? which contributes to the smell of feces

Answer 40

methane and hydrogen sulfide

Question 41

how many ml of gas is produced each day?

Answer 41

500 ml

Question 42

gas fart is aka?

Answer 42

flatus

Question 43

bacterias in the large intestine makes vitamins. what are the vitamins?

Answer 43

vitamin k and b

Question 44

a contaction that is short lived and sluggish

Answer 44

colon contraction/ haustral contraction

Question 45

how many minutes does the haustral contraction contracts? and occurs every?

Answer 45

1 minute, every 30 minutes

Question 46

is a spinal (sacral region) reflex that causes the walls of the sigmoid colon and the rectum to contract and the anal sphincters to relax.

Answer 46

defecation reflex

Question 47

during defecation reflex what are being contracted and what is being relaxed?

Answer 47

rectum canal and sigmoid colon contracts while the anal sphincture relaxes