LESSON 10 PART 4 Flashcards
the major functions of the digestive system?
digestion and absorption
what are the 6 essential activities of the GI system?
ingestion, propulsion, mechanical breakdown, digestion, absorption and secretion
To be processed by more than one digestive organ
propulsion
This is an active, voluntary process
ingestion
The transport of the end products from the lumen of the GI tract to the blood or lymph.
absorption
once the food has been mixed,_________ begins in the upper half of the stomach, and the contractions increase in force as the food approaches the pyloric valve
peristaltic waves or rippling peristalsis
how many ml of chyme is being hold of the pylorous of the stomach? How many is being released to pyloric valve and to the small intestine?
30 ml, 3 ml
once the peristaltic wave reaches the pyloric valve the remaining 27 ml is propelled back to the stomach for more mixing, what process is this called?
retropulsion
how many ml of chyme is left after the release of the pyloric valve contraction?
3ml
When the duodenum is filled with chyme and its wall is stretched, a nervous reflex, the _________, occurs. It slows the emptying of the stomach by inhibiting the vagus nerves and tightening the pyloric sphincter, thus allowing time for intestinal processing to catch up.
enterogastric reflex
how many hours does the stomach would be empty? what if its high fat content?
4 hours, 6 hours
how many hours does the small intestine complete its journey?
3-6 hours
during the food breakdown and absorption what has been only digested? and what has been not digest?
carbohydrates and protein, fats have not yet been digested
an enzyme break down double sugars into simple sugars and complete protein digestion.
brush border enzymes
an enzyme is relatively poor?
insteinal juice
probably the most important intestinal gland secretion.
protective mucus
the pancreatic juice contains enzymes that?
pancreatic amylase
half of protein digestion via trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase
presence of lipases for fat digestion
digest nucleic acids (nucleases)
contains a rich supply of bicarbonate, which makes it very basic (about pH 8). Provides the proper environment for activation and activity of intestinal and pancreatic digestive enzymes.
pancreatic juice
what stimulates the release of pancreatic juice?
vagus nerves and local hormones
when chyme enters the small intestine, it stimulates the _______ to produce __________?
mucosa cell to produce secretic and cholecystokinin
it is influence the release of pancreatic juice and bile
secretic and cholecystokinin
a hormone that causes the liver to increase its output of bile
secretic
these hormones enter the blood and circulate to the target organs, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder, that work together to stimulate the pancreas to release its
enzymes in the bicarbonate rich product.
secretin and cholecystokinin
causes the gallbladder to contract and release stored bile into the bile duct so that bile and pancreatic juice enter the small intestine together
cholecystokinin
what does the bile help in absorption?
absorption of fats and vitamin A D E K
_________ are absorbed passively by the process of diffusion. Lipid breakdown products enter both the capillary beds and the lacteals in the villi and are carried to the _______ by both blood and lymphatic fluids.
lipids and fats, liver
how are substances absorbed by the small intestine what transport is it? after it will then enter the villi and to be tranported by what vein blood to liver?
active transport, hepatic portal vein
CCK
cholecystokinin
what does the cholecystokinin stimulate?
stimulates the release of the galbladder to release more bile
the secretin stimulates?
stimulates the liver to release more bile
are absorbed passively by the process of diffusion.
lipids or fats
is the major means of propelling food through the digestive tract.
persitalsis
sucrose, maltose and lactose turns to?
glucose
sucrose turns to?
fructose and glucose
lactose turns to?
galactose and glucose
maltose turns to
glucose
how many hours does the large intestine journey be completed?
12-24 hours
itself produces no digestive enzymes.
colon
live in its lumen (large intestine) metabolize some of the remaining nutrients, releasing gases
resident bacteria
what gas is being produced by the resident bacteria? which contributes to the smell of feces
methane and hydrogen sulfide
how many ml of gas is produced each day?
500 ml
gas fart is aka?
flatus
bacterias in the large intestine makes vitamins. what are the vitamins?
vitamin k and b
a contaction that is short lived and sluggish
colon contraction/ haustral contraction
how many minutes does the haustral contraction contracts? and occurs every?
1 minute, every 30 minutes
is a spinal (sacral region) reflex that causes the walls of the sigmoid colon and the rectum to contract and the anal sphincters to relax.
defecation reflex
during defecation reflex what are being contracted and what is being relaxed?
rectum canal and sigmoid colon contracts while the anal sphincture relaxes
