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Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of skeletal muscle

A
  1. Producing movement
  2. Maintaining posture and body position
  3. Supporting soft tissue
  4. Guarding body entrances and exits
  5. Maintaining body temperature
  6. Storing nutrients
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2
Q

Excitability

A

The ability to receive and respond to stimulus

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3
Q

Contractilicity

A

The ability of a muscle cell to shorten when stimulated

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4
Q

Extensibility

A

Stretching movement of a muscle

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5
Q

Elasticity

A

The ability of a muscle to recoil to its resting length

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6
Q

Composition of skeletal muscle

A

Skeletal muscle tissue, connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves

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7
Q

Muscle fibre

A

Each cell in skeletal muscle tissue is a single muscle fibre

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8
Q

3 layers of connective tissue surrounding muscle tissue

A
  1. Epimysium: surrounds entire muscle
  2. Perimysium: divides skeletal muscle into compartments
  3. Endomysium: surrounds individual muscle fibres
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9
Q

Fascicle

A

Bundle of muscle fibres

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10
Q

Elastic connective tissue

A
  1. Capillary networks
  2. Myosatellite cells
  3. Nerve fibres
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11
Q

Myosatellite cells

A

Stem cells that help repair damaged muscle tissue

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12
Q

Tendon

A

Bundle formed by collagen fibres of epimysium, perimysium and endomysium

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13
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Broad sheet formed by collagen fibres of epimysium, perimysium and endomysium

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14
Q

Are muscle fibres bigger or smaller than normal cells?

A

A lot bigger

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15
Q

Are muscle fibres uninucleate and multinucleate?

A

Multinucleate

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16
Q

Myoblasts

A

Groups of embryonic cells that fuse, forming individual multinucleate skeletal muscle fibres

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17
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane of a muscle fibre

18
Q

Sacroplasm

A

Cytoplasm of the muscle fibre

19
Q

Transverse tubules

A

Narrow tubes whose surfaces are continuous with the sarcolemma and extend deep into the sarcoplasm

20
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Forms a tubular network around each myofibril

21
Q

Terminal cisternae

A

The tubules of the SR enlarge, fuse, and form expanded chambers

22
Q

Myofibril

A

Bundles of protein filaments called myofilaments

23
Q

What causes skeletal muscle fibre contraction?

A

Active shortening of myofibrils

24
Q

Composition of myofilaments

A 
Thin filaments (actins)
Thick filaments (myosin)
25
Q

Sarcomeres

A

Repeating functional units of in myofibril

26
Q

Composition of thin filaments

A

F-actin, nebulin, tropomyosin, and troponin

27
Q

A bands

A

Dark bands on sacromere: thick and thin filaments

28
Q

I bands

A

Light bands on sacromeres: thin filaments only

29
Q

Sliding-filament theory

A

H and I bands narrow, zones of overlap widen and Z lines move closer together

30
Q

Excitable membranes

A

Plasma membranes that can propagate action potentials

31
Q

Neuromuscular junction

A

Synapse between neuron and skeletal muscle fibre

32
Q

Events at the neuromuscular junction

A
  1. Action potential arrives triggering exocytosis of ACh into synaptic cleft
  2. ACh opens membrane receptors and Na+ rush in to cell, generating action potential in sarcolemma
33
Q

Excitation-contraction coupling

A
  1. Neural control
  2. Excitation
  3. Release of calcium ions
  4. Contraction cycle begins
  5. Sarcomere shortening
  6. Generation of mucle tension
34
Q

Contraction cycle and cross-bridge formation

A
  1. Contraction cycle
  2. Active-site exposure
  3. Cross-bridge formation
  4. Myosin head pivoting
  5. Cross-bridge detachment
  6. Myosin reactivation
35
Q

Types of muscle contractions

A

Isotonic concentric: muscle tension exceeds the load and muscle shortens
Isotonic eccentric: muscle tension is less than load and muscle elongates
Isometric contraction: muscle as a whole does not change length

36
Q

Anaerobic process

A

Glycolysis

37
Q

Aerobic metabolism

A

Requires oxygen

38
Q

Types of skeletal muscle fibres

A
  1. Fast fibers
  2. Slow fibers - myoglobin
  3. Intermediate fibers
39
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue

A

Striated, many peripherally located nuclei - voluntary

40
Q

Cardiac muscle cells

A
  • Striated
  • 1 nucleus
  • Aerobic metabolism
  • Intercalated discs bind sarcolemmas of neighbouring cardiac muscle cells
41
Q

Smooth muscle tissue

A
  • Non-striated involuntary muscle tissue
  • No sarcomeres
  • Involuntary

Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (25 decks)

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