Muscle, Tendon and Ligament Injuries Flashcards
What can cause muscle injuries?
Direct trauma (impact) Indirect trauma (overstretch, overload)
How would a muscle injury be assessed?
Visual assessment Palpation Identify location of pain Range of movement Active resisted movements
What is a Grade I muscle injury?
<10% of fibres torn
Non-palpable
2-3 weeks recovery
What is a Grade II muscle injury?
10-50% of fibres torn
Palpable
Severity of pain dependent upon number of fibres torn
3-6 weeks recovery
What is a Grade III muscle injury?
50-100% of fibres torn Visible and palpable Widespread bruising and 'balling' of muscle Referral Recovery around 3 months
What is a complication of a muscle injury?
Scar tissue
What is scar tissue made from?
Scar tissue is made from a brittle, inflexible fibrous material.
What risk comes with untreated scar tissue?
It is a major cause of re-injury, usually months after an injury is thought to have fully healed
What is a cramp?
A painful involuntary contraction of a muscle/muscles, typically caused by fatigue or strain
What types of tendon injury consequences are there?
Tendonitis
Tendonosis
Tenosynovitis
Tendoperiostitis
What is tendonitis?
Inflammatory process
What is tendonosis?
Degenerative process
What is tenosynovitis?
Inflammation of the tendon sheath
What is tendoperiostitis?
Inflammation of the periosteal attachment
What are some common sites of ligament injuries?
Knee
Ankle
Fingers
Shoulder
What is a 1st degree sprain?
The fibres of the ligament are stretched but intact
What is a 2nd degree strain?
A tear of part of a ligament, from a third to almost all its fibres
What is a 3rd degree strain?
A complete rupture of the ligament, sometimes avulsing a piece of bone
What are the types of bursitis?
Frictional
Chemical
Septic
What is frictional bursitis?
Occurs when a tendon repeatedly moves over a bursa
What is chemical bursitis?
Caused by a substance formed as a result of inflammatory or degenerative condition of tendons
