Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SM > Lower Limb Injuries > Flashcards

Lower Limb Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of all sporting injuries are lateral ankle sprains?

A

10-15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is a lateral ankle sprain more prevalent than medial ankle sprains?

A

Weaker ligaments
Fibula acts as a mechanical barrier
Most people land in an inverted foot position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the mechanism of injury for a lateral ankle sprain?

A

Inversion and plantar flexion of the foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is a lateral ankle sprain diagnosed?

A

X-ray, MRI, Anterior Draw Test
Signs and symptoms
Pain on inversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the treatment for a lateral ankle sprain?

A 
RICE during inflammatory phase
Early onset mobilisation
Light passive stretching
Proprioception (wobble board)
Strengthening surrounding tissues
Massage (deep friction)
Sport-specific rehab
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What massage techniques can be used for lateral ankle sprain?

A

Lymphatic drainage techniques to reduce oedema
Treating all compensatory tensions in surrounding soft tissues
Deep transverse frictions over damaged ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are stress fractures?

A

Hairline or microscopic breaks in a bone due to repetitive stress rather than trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are common sites of stress fracture?

A 
Tibia
2nd and 3rd metatarsals
Fibula
Femoral neck
Tarsals
Vertebra
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the risk factors for stress fractures?

A 
Inadequate shock absorption
Sudden increase in training
Post-menopausal women
Amenorrhea
Nutritional factors
Compromised biomechanics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of stress fractures?

A

Pain and swelling at locality
Pain at rest
Stress reaction may proceed
Diagnosis via bone scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How long does it take for a stress fracture to heal?

A

6-8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is achilles tendon bursitis?

A

Repeated trauma/friction causes inflammation of the bursa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the symptoms of achilles tendon bursitis?

A

Pain at back of heals, especially when running uphill due to compression
Pain on wearing shoes
Swelling
Spongy feel to the area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the treatment for achilles tendon bursitis?

A

Heel raise
Ice
Shoe change if acute
Bursa/bone resection if chronic and the deep bursa

No massage over inflamed bursa but can use techniques into proximal tissues such as gastrocnemius and soleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the potential parts of inflamed bursa?

A

Tendocalcaneal - irritated by shoes, especially heal counter

Retrocalcaneal - irritated by calcaneus and/or the tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is plantar fasciitis?

A

Inflammation caused by overloading of the plantar fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the causes of plantar fasciitis?

A 
Over-pronation/flat feet
Reduced range into dorsiflexion
Sudden increase in activity
Excessive weight, obesity/pregnancy
Improperly fitting footwear
18
Q

What are the symptoms of plantar fasciitis?

A

Stiffness and pain first thing in the morning
Pain upon direct pressure over sight of dysfunction
Pain up stairs, on tip-toes or standing for long periods
Pain sometimes lessons as exercise continues
Associated tightness of achilles and gastrocnemius

19
Q

What is the treatment for plantar fasciitis?

A 
Address the underlying reason for the issue:
Biomechanics
Increase in activity
Weight gain
Poor footwear
Excessive tension in plantar flexors
20
Q

What massage techniques can be used for plantar fasciitis?

A

Reduce tension into gastrocnemius and soleus with effleurage, petrissage, myofascial release, STR, NMT, and MET stretching
Friction to plantar fascia
Longitudinal sports massage techniques on plantar fascia with palms, thumbs, and knuckles

21
Q

What is achilles tendinopathy?

A

Chronic damage to the achilles tendon due to excessive loading

22
Q

What are the causes of achilles tendinopathy?

A 
Overuse
Sudden increase in training
Unaccustomed activities
Overpronation
Excessive tension in plantar flexors
23
Q

What are the symptoms of achilles tendinopathy?

A 
Pain upon palpation
Pain on tendon during exercise
Possible creaking/crepitus upon movement
Pain and stiffness in the morning
Pain walking up stairs
24
Q

What can be done to treat achilles tendinopathy?

A

Identify cause and take action

Orthotics

25
Q

What massage techniques can be used to treat achilles tendinopathy?

A

Soft tissue techniques into gastric and soleus including effleurage, petrissage, STR, myofascial release, and MET stretching
Specific soft tissue mobilisations
Deep friction
Massage to gastrocnemius and soleus

26
Q

What is the eccentric strengthening protocol for achilles tendinopathy?

A

Exercises where gastrocnemius and soleus are contracting whilst lengthening

27
Q

What are ‘shin splints’?

A

General term for pain in the shin area
Stress fracture, compartment syndrome, medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS), periostitis of medial tibia due to attachment of soleus and it contracting eccentrically

28
Q

What are the causes of shin splints?

A

Overpronation
Sudden increase in training
Running in spikes and forefoot strikers and hard surfaces
Sports with repeated landing and take off
Insufficient warm up
Tight soleus muscles

29
Q

What are the symptoms of shin splints?

A

Tenderness over medial tibia
Swelling, lumps, and bumps over the bone
Pain on plantar flexion

30
Q

What is the treatment for shin splints?

A

RICE when acute
Correct overpronation
Behavioural/training change

31
Q

What massage techniques are used for shin splints?

A

Soft tissue techniques into gastric and soleus including effleurage, petrissage, STR, myofascial release and MET stretching
Friction to medial tibial border
‘Stripping’ up medial tibial border
STR for tibia anterior, gastrocs, soleus, and peroneals

32
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

When the muscle becomes too big for the fascia that surrounds it
Acute compartment syndrome is a medical emergency
Chronic compartment syndrome can be treated with hands-on techniques

33
Q

What are the symptoms of compartment syndrome?

A 
Sharp pain in muscle
Weakness, pallor, sensory loss, lack of pulse
Swelling and tenderness
Pain during exercise which goes at rest
Difficulty in plantar/dorsi flexion
34
Q

What is the treatment for chronic compartment syndrome?

A

Correct biomechanical dysfunction

35
Q

What massage techniques can be used for chronic compartment syndrome?

A

Longitudinal and cross-fibre massage on muscle
Myofascial release techniques
Soft tissue release for tibias anterior
Neuro muscular techniques on local tissues

36
Q

What is the treatment for acute compartment syndrome?

A

Diuretics
Anti-inflammatories
Fasciotomy

37
Q

What is a calf muscle strain?

A

A grade 1-3 tear of the soleus or gastrocnemius

Most commonly injured at the musculotendinous junction

38
Q

What are the causes of calf muscle strain?

A 
Inadequate warm up
Extensive scar tisse
Hypertonic muscle group
Overstrain/overstretch
Unaccustomed activity
39
Q

What are the symptoms of calf muscle strain?

A

Sudden sharp pain
Difficulty in contracting or standing on tip-toes
Pain, swelling, or bruising in the calf muscle

40
Q

What is the treatment for calf muscle strain?

A

RICE when acute

Heel raise

41
Q

What sport massage techniques can be used for calf muscle strain?

A

Effleurage, petrissage, deep frictions, myofascial release techniques, STR, and neuromuscular techniques on gastrocnemius and soleus

42
Q

What are possible lower extremity stretches for calf muscle strain?

A

Peroneals
Gastrocs
Soleus
Tibialis anterior

SM (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions