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Anatomy & Physiology > Muscle System Test > Flashcards

Muscle System Test Flashcards

1
Q

voluntary muscles

A

-skeletal

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2
Q

involuntary muscles

A
  • smooth

- cardiac

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3
Q

functions of the muscular system

A

-contraction (shortening) of the muscles allowing the body movement

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4
Q

sacromere

A

chains of tiny contractile units

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5
Q

where is the sacromere located in terms of the Z line

A

-sacromere is within the Z line

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6
Q

motor unit

A

one neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates

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7
Q

calcium’s purpose in a muscle contraction

A

when calcium acts as a final trigger for contraction, because calcium binds to the regulatory proteins on the actin filaments, they change both their shape and their position on the thin filaments which exposes myosin binding sites for the myosin heads to attach

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8
Q

acetycholine

A

ACh=a chemical transmitter substance released by certain nerve endings

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9
Q

twitch contraction

A

when a single stimulus is delivered, and the muscle contracts and relaxes

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10
Q

tectonic contraction

A

a smooth, continuous contraction with relaxation

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11
Q

isotonic contractions

A

-“same tone” or tension
-the myofilaments are successful in their sliding movements (muscle shortens and movements occurs)
EX: bending the knee, rotating the arms, and smiling

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12
Q

isometric contractions

A

-“same measurement” or length
-the myosin filaments are “skidding their wheels”, and the tension in the muscle keeps increasing. they are trying to slide, but the muscle is pitted against some more or less immovable object
EX: when you try and lift 400-lb dress alone, and when you push against a wall with bent elbows the wall doesn’t move and the tricep moves isometrically

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13
Q

what muscle compresses the abdomen

A

rectus abdominus

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14
Q

flexion

A

a movement that decreases the angle of the joint and brings two bones closer together

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15
Q

extension

A

a movements that increases the angle, or distance, between two bones or two parts of the body

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16
Q

rotation

A

movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis

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17
Q

abduction

A

moving a limb away from the midline of the body

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18
Q

adduction

A

movement of a limb toward the midline of the body

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19
Q

circumduction

A

the proximal end of the limb is stationary, and its distal end moves in a circle (outlines a cone)

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20
Q

dorsiflexion

A

lifting the foot so that the superior surface approaches the shin (standing on your heels)

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21
Q

plantar flexion

A

depressing the foot (pointing toes)

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22
Q

inversion

A

turning the sole of the foot medially

23
Q

eversion

A

turning the sole of the foot laterally

24
Q

supination

A

when the forearm rotates laterally so the palm faces anteriorly and the radius and ulna are parallel

25
Q

pronation

A

when the forearm rotates medially so the palm faces posteriorly so the ulna and radius form an X

26
Q

opposition

A

action by which you move your thumb to touch the tips of your fingers on the same hand

27
Q

prime mover

A

has the major responsibility for causing a particular movement

28
Q

antagonist

A

muscles that oppose or reverse a movement

29
Q

synergist

A

help prime movers by producing the same movement or by reducing undesirable movements

30
Q

fixators

A
  • specialized synergists
  • they hold a bone still or stabilize the origin of a prime mover so all the tension can be used to move the insertion bone
31
Q

how do you name muscles

A
  • direction of muscle fibers
  • relative size of muscle
  • location of muscle
  • number of origins
  • location of the muscle’s origin or insertion
  • shape of the muscle
  • action of the muscle
32
Q

muscle fatigue

A

when it is unable to contract even though it is still being stimulated

33
Q

biceps branchii

A

powerful prime mover for flexion of the forearm and acts to supinate the forearm

34
Q

biceps femoris

A

one of the three muscles that form the hamstring

35
Q

deltoid

A
  • injection site

- prime movers of arm abduction

36
Q

frontalis

A

allows you to raise your eyebrows and wrinkle your forehead

37
Q

gastrocnemius

A

prime mover for plantar flexion of the foot

38
Q

iliopsoas

A
  • fused muscle of the iliacus and psoas major
  • prime mover of hip flexion
  • acts to keep the upper body from falling backward when standing erect
39
Q

orbicularis oris

A

closes the mouth and protrudes the lips

40
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

allows you to close your eyes, squint, blink, and wink

41
Q

pectoralis major

A

acts to adduct and flex the arm

42
Q

rectus femoris

A
  • one of the four muscles that make up the quadriceps
  • extends the knee
  • help to flex hip
  • injection site
43
Q

sartorius

A

acts as a synergist to bring out the cross-legged position

44
Q

tibialis anterior

A

acts to dorsiflex and invert the foor

45
Q

triceps branchii

A
  • powerful prime mover of elbow extension

- antagonist of the biceps branchii

46
Q

buccinator

A
  • flattens the cheek

- listed as a chewing muscle

47
Q

trapezius

A
  • antagonists of the sternocleidomastoids

- can elevate, depress, adduct, and stabilize scapula

48
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

flex your neck or rotate head

49
Q

Drugs affect on ACh

A

going to stop the contraction and it will not happen because the ACh will not bind and it needs to bind in order for the sodium channels to open and the ions to be released

50
Q

Drugs affect on calcium not releasing

A

a contraction will not happen because the calcium cannot bind to the actin binding site

51
Q

Drugs affect on promoting calcium release

A

this is going to increase the contractions (during labor) because there will be a lot of calcium binding to the actin binding site

52
Q

Drugs affect on paralyzing nerve to the muscle

A

will not stimulate so there will be no irritability which is needed for a contraction

53
Q

musculardystrophy

A

• bodycannotproducedystrophin(supports
musclefibermembrane
• muscleenlargesduetofat
• musclefibersdegenerate
• Duchenne­mostlymales,diagnosedat2­6yrs,
wheelchairbound,nocure

54
Q

myastheniagravis

A

affectsadults,muscleweakness,droopyeyelids,difficulty
swallowing &talking
• duetoshortageofacetylcholinereceptors
• autoimmunedisease
• deathduetorespiratoryfailure

Anatomy & Physiology (19 decks)

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