Circulatory System Test Flashcards
the cardiac muscle itself is also known as the
myocardium
area of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins
left atrium
where is the bicuspid valve located
between the left atrium and left ventricle
where is the tricuspid valves located
between the right atrium and right ventricle
what type of blood is in the superior and inferior vena cavas
deoxygenated
where do the vena caves empty into
atriums
what is another name for the “pacemaker” of the heart
sinoatrial node (SA)
having a slower than normal heart rate
bradycardia
which veins carry oxygen
pulmonary veins and umbilical veins
volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heart beat
stroke volume
pathway of blood after the aorta
blood leaves the aorta and is distributed throughout the body. Enters through the heart again and into the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena caves. Then it passes thought he tricuspid valve and enters the right ventricle. Then it goes through the pulmonary semilunar valves to the pulmonary trunk where it is carried to the lungs via the left and right pulmonary arteries. It is then returned to the heart by the pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium where it passes through the bicuspid valve and into the left ventricle. Then goes back through the aorta by passing through the aortic semilunar valves.
differences between arteries and veins
ARTERIES: -thick tunica media -smaller lumen -no valves -close to heart in terms of circulation -high pressure VEINS: -thin tunic media -larger lumen -has valves -far from the heart in terms of circulation -low pressure
where is the carotid vein located?
in the neck (supplies blood to the brain, neck, and face)
what is the purpose of the renal vein and what vein does it empty into
PURPOSE:
-drain de-oxygenated blood from the kidneys
-alters blood volume to regulate arterial pressure
WHAT VEIN IT EMPTIES TO:
-inferior vena cava
what does the umbilical vein carry? Where to and from?
carries oxygen and nutrient rich blood to placenta to the fetus
what does the umbilical artery carry? Where to and from?
carries oxygen and nutrient poor blood from fetus to placenta
what causes the lub dup sound
lub=AV valves closing
dup=semilunar valves closing
what causes the heart rate to increase when the sympathetic nervous system is involved?
epinephrine and thyroxine
what organs are involved with the hepatic portal circulation
gastrointestinal organs
what is the pathway of the intrinsic conduction system starting with the sinoatrial node?
Sinoatrial Node (SA) to the atrioventricular node (AV) to the atrioventricular bundle to the bundle branches to the purkinje fibers
what artery feeds blood to the armpit
axillary artery
which vein drains the back of the brain
the anterior retromandibular, facial, and lingual veins
what chamber pumps blood to the lungs
right ventricle
what chamber pumps blood to the body
left ventricle
fibrillation
rapid, uncoordinated contractions. Cause: ischemia. treatment: defibrillator
what is arteriosclerosis? what causes it? where is it happening?
thickening and hardening of the artery walls, usually happens due to old age
high blood pressure
hypertension
- makes heart overwork
- can cause small tears in blood vessels
angina pectoris
chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart
atria
The upper two heart chambers
cardiac output
the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute
endocardium
the thin, smooth membrane that lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves.
lungs
organs in your chest that allow your body to take in oxygen from the air and remove carbon dioxide from the body
peripheral resistance
the resistance of the arteries to blood flow
pulmonary veins
vein carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
tachycardia
a fast resting heart rate - usually at least 100 beats per minute
veins
carrying in most cases oxygen-depleted blood toward the heart
arotic semilunar valve
a valve in the human heart between the left ventricle and the aorta
ventricles
receive blood from the atrias and are the lower two chambers of the heart
blood pressure
the blood pressure reading allows you to know the amount of pressure in your arteries during contraction of your heart muscle (top #). This is called systolic pressure. The bottom number refers to your blood pressure when your heart muscle is between beats. This is called diastolic pressure
bundle of HIS
it transmits electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles of the heart.
circle of willis
arteries of the brain and brain stem
epicardium
a serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart.
heart murmur
an unusual heartbeat or sound during a heartbeat
hypotension
abnormally low blood pressure
myocardial infarction
blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle (aka heart attack)
pulmonary arteries
the artery carrying blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation
pulse
palpation/beat of the heart
stethoscope
used to listen to the heart and lungs
arteries
carrying in most cases oxygenated blood toward the body
atrioventricular node
controls the heart rate
capillaries
any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules
diastolic pressure
blood pressure when your heart muscle is between beats (bottom number)
fetal circulation
circulatory system of the fetus
hepatic portal system
the system of veins comprising the hepatic portal vein and its tributaries. It is responsible for directing the blood of the gastrointestinal tract
pulmonary semilunar valve
lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps
purkinje fibers
carry the contraction impulse from both the left and right bundle branch to the myocardium of the ventricles
systolic pressure
The top number of a blood pressure reading that refers to the amount of pressure in your arteries during contraction of your heart muscle
varicose veins
occur when your veins become enlarged, dilated, and overfilled with blood
