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Anatomy & Physiology > Circulatory System Test > Flashcards

Circulatory System Test Flashcards

1
Q

the cardiac muscle itself is also known as the

A

myocardium

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2
Q

area of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins

A

left atrium

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3
Q

where is the bicuspid valve located

A

between the left atrium and left ventricle

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4
Q

where is the tricuspid valves located

A

between the right atrium and right ventricle

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5
Q

what type of blood is in the superior and inferior vena cavas

A

deoxygenated

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6
Q

where do the vena caves empty into

A

atriums

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7
Q

what is another name for the “pacemaker” of the heart

A

sinoatrial node (SA)

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8
Q

having a slower than normal heart rate

A

bradycardia

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9
Q

which veins carry oxygen

A

pulmonary veins and umbilical veins

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10
Q

volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heart beat

A

stroke volume

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11
Q

pathway of blood after the aorta

A

blood leaves the aorta and is distributed throughout the body. Enters through the heart again and into the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena caves. Then it passes thought he tricuspid valve and enters the right ventricle. Then it goes through the pulmonary semilunar valves to the pulmonary trunk where it is carried to the lungs via the left and right pulmonary arteries. It is then returned to the heart by the pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium where it passes through the bicuspid valve and into the left ventricle. Then goes back through the aorta by passing through the aortic semilunar valves.

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12
Q

differences between arteries and veins

A 
ARTERIES:
-thick tunica media
-smaller lumen
-no valves
-close to heart in terms of circulation
-high pressure
VEINS:
-thin tunic media
-larger lumen
-has valves
-far from the heart in terms of circulation
-low pressure
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13
Q

where is the carotid vein located?

A

in the neck (supplies blood to the brain, neck, and face)

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14
Q

what is the purpose of the renal vein and what vein does it empty into

A

PURPOSE:
-drain de-oxygenated blood from the kidneys
-alters blood volume to regulate arterial pressure
WHAT VEIN IT EMPTIES TO:
-inferior vena cava

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15
Q

what does the umbilical vein carry? Where to and from?

A

carries oxygen and nutrient rich blood to placenta to the fetus

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16
Q

what does the umbilical artery carry? Where to and from?

A

carries oxygen and nutrient poor blood from fetus to placenta

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17
Q

what causes the lub dup sound

A

lub=AV valves closing

dup=semilunar valves closing

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18
Q

what causes the heart rate to increase when the sympathetic nervous system is involved?

A

epinephrine and thyroxine

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19
Q

what organs are involved with the hepatic portal circulation

A

gastrointestinal organs

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20
Q

what is the pathway of the intrinsic conduction system starting with the sinoatrial node?

A

Sinoatrial Node (SA) to the atrioventricular node (AV) to the atrioventricular bundle to the bundle branches to the purkinje fibers

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21
Q

what artery feeds blood to the armpit

A

axillary artery

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22
Q

which vein drains the back of the brain

A

the anterior retromandibular, facial, and lingual veins

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23
Q

what chamber pumps blood to the lungs

A

right ventricle

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24
Q

what chamber pumps blood to the body

A

left ventricle

25
Q

fibrillation

A

rapid, uncoordinated contractions. Cause: ischemia. treatment: defibrillator

26
Q

what is arteriosclerosis? what causes it? where is it happening?

A

thickening and hardening of the artery walls, usually happens due to old age

27
Q

high blood pressure

A

hypertension

  • makes heart overwork
  • can cause small tears in blood vessels
28
Q

angina pectoris

A

chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart

29
Q

atria

A

The upper two heart chambers

30
Q

cardiac output

A

the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute

31
Q

endocardium

A

the thin, smooth membrane that lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves.

32
Q

lungs

A

organs in your chest that allow your body to take in oxygen from the air and remove carbon dioxide from the body

33
Q

peripheral resistance

A

the resistance of the arteries to blood flow

34
Q

pulmonary veins

A

vein carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

35
Q

tachycardia

A

a fast resting heart rate - usually at least 100 beats per minute

36
Q

veins

A

carrying in most cases oxygen-depleted blood toward the heart

37
Q

arotic semilunar valve

A

a valve in the human heart between the left ventricle and the aorta

38
Q

ventricles

A

receive blood from the atrias and are the lower two chambers of the heart

39
Q

blood pressure

A

the blood pressure reading allows you to know the amount of pressure in your arteries during contraction of your heart muscle (top #). This is called systolic pressure. The bottom number refers to your blood pressure when your heart muscle is between beats. This is called diastolic pressure

40
Q

bundle of HIS

A

it transmits electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles of the heart.

41
Q

circle of willis

A

arteries of the brain and brain stem

42
Q

epicardium

A

a serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart.

43
Q

heart murmur

A

an unusual heartbeat or sound during a heartbeat

44
Q

hypotension

A

abnormally low blood pressure

45
Q

myocardial infarction

A

blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle (aka heart attack)

46
Q

pulmonary arteries

A

the artery carrying blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation

47
Q

pulse

A

palpation/beat of the heart

48
Q

stethoscope

A

used to listen to the heart and lungs

49
Q

arteries

A

carrying in most cases oxygenated blood toward the body

50
Q

atrioventricular node

A

controls the heart rate

51
Q

capillaries

A

any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules

52
Q

diastolic pressure

A

blood pressure when your heart muscle is between beats (bottom number)

53
Q

fetal circulation

A

circulatory system of the fetus

54
Q

hepatic portal system

A

the system of veins comprising the hepatic portal vein and its tributaries. It is responsible for directing the blood of the gastrointestinal tract

55
Q

pulmonary semilunar valve

A

lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps

56
Q

purkinje fibers

A

carry the contraction impulse from both the left and right bundle branch to the myocardium of the ventricles

57
Q

systolic pressure

A

The top number of a blood pressure reading that refers to the amount of pressure in your arteries during contraction of your heart muscle

58
Q

varicose veins

A

occur when your veins become enlarged, dilated, and overfilled with blood

Anatomy & Physiology (19 decks)

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