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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 1 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary System structures (6)

A

epidermis, dermis, sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands, sweat glands, hair

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2
Q

Integumentary System function (6)

A

-external covering (protection)
-waterproofs body
-secretes salt and urea
-regulates body temperature
-receptors located here:
~pain
~temperature
~pressure
-synthesizes vitamin D

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3
Q

Skeletal System structures (4)

A

bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints

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4
Q

Skeletal System function (4)

A
  • protection and support
  • framework for muscles
  • stores minerals
  • blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)
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5
Q

Muscular System structures (2)

A

muscles, tendons

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6
Q

Muscular System function (4)

A
  • locomotion (internal, external)
  • maintains posture
  • produces heat
  • facial expression
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7
Q

Nervous System structures (3)

A

brains, spinal cord, nerves

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8
Q

Nervous System function (4)

A

control system of body

  • receives stimuli
  • interprets stimuli
  • responds to internal and external changes by activating muscles and glands
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9
Q

Endocrine System structures (10)

A

pituary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenals, pancreas, liver, pineal, ovaries, testes

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10
Q

Endocrine System functions (2)

A
  • secrete hormones

- controls body activities (growth, reproduction, metabolism)

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11
Q

Cardiovascular System structures (4)

A

heart, arteries, veins, capillaries

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12
Q

Cardiovascular System functions (2)

A
  • pumps blood

- transports substances: oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients, waste

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13
Q

Lymphatic System structures (4)

A

lymph nodes, spleen, Peyer’s Patches, tonsils

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14
Q

Lymphatic System functions (3)

A
  • picks up leaked fluid from blood vessels and returns it to blood
  • gets rid of debris
  • house white blood cells
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15
Q

Respiratory System structures (7)

A

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli

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16
Q

Respiratory System functions (2)

A
  • supplies blood with oxygen

- rids body of carbon dioxide

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17
Q

Digestive System structures (7)

A

oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

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18
Q

Digestive System functions (4)

A
  • break down food
  • absorbs nutrients
  • removes water
  • excretes waste
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19
Q

Urinary System structures (4)

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder, uretha

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20
Q

Urinary System functions (4)

A
  • gets rid of liquid (nitrogenous) waste
  • regulates water balance
  • regulates electrolytes
  • maintains acid-base (pH) of blood (7.4)
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21
Q

Reproductive System structures (9)

A

ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, testes, vas deferns, epididymus, penis

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22
Q

Reproductive System function

A

produce offspring

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23
Q

anatomy

A

the study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts and their relationship to one another

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24
Q

physiology

A

is the study of how the body and its parts work or function

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25
Q

what does the human body do?

A
  • maintains boundaries
    • moves
    • responds to environmental changes
  • takes in and digests nutrients
    • carries out metabolism
    • disposes wastes (Excretion)
    • reproduce
    • grow
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26
Q

what are our survival needs?

A

• nutrients
• water
• oxygen
• body temperature
• atmospheric pressure

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27
Q

homeostasis

A

homeo = same
stasis = standing still
-Ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside word is changing
­-internal conditions change and vary, but within narrow limits

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28
Q

two types of mechanisms of homeostasis

A
  • negative feedback mechanism

- positive feedback mechanism

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29
Q

Negative Feedback Mechanism

A

net effect of response is to shut off the original stimulus or reduce the intensity
Ex. body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, blood levels of glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide,
minerals
(homeostatic imbalance causes illness, disease or death)

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30
Q

Positive Feedback Mechanism

A

net effect increases the original stimulus andpushes the variable
farther from the original value
Ex. blood clotting, labor

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31
Q

anatomical position

A

-body is erect with feet parallel and arms hanging down by sides with palms facing forward

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32
Q

superior

A
  • directional term
  • ⬆️
  • toward the head end or upper part of a structure of the body, above
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33
Q

inferior

A
  • directional term
  • ⬇️
  • away from the head end of upper part of a structure or the body, below
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34
Q

anterior

A
  • directional term
  • ⬅️
  • toward the front of the body, in front of
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35
Q

posterior

A
  • directional term
  • ➡️
  • toward time at the backside of the body, behind
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36
Q

Medial

A

➡️l⬅️

  • directional term
  • toward if at the middle of the body, in the inner side of
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37
Q

lateral

A

⬅️l➡️

  • directional term
  • away from. the midline if the body, in the outer side of
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38
Q

intermediate

A

⬅l️➡️⬅️l➡️

  • directional term
  • between a more medial and a more lateral structure
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39
Q

proximal

A
  • close to the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk or close to origin of the body part
  • directional term
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40
Q

distal

A
  • farther from the origin of the body or away from trunk on a limb
  • directional term
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41
Q

deep

A
  • towards the inside of the body

- directional term

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42
Q

superficial

A
  • towards the outside of the body from inside

- directional term

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43
Q

metabolism

A

-a broad term that refers to all chemical reactions that occur within body cells

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44
Q

abdominal

A

anterior body trunk inferior to ribs

45
Q

acromial

A

point of shoulder

46
Q

antecubital

A

anterior surface of elbow

47
Q

auxiliary

A

armpit

48
Q

branchial

A

arm

49
Q

buccal

A

cheek area

50
Q

carpal

A

wrist

51
Q

cervical

A

neck region

52
Q

coxal

A

hip

53
Q

crural

A

leg

54
Q

digital

A

toes, fingers

55
Q

femoral

A

thighs

56
Q

fibular

A

lateral part of leg

57
Q

inguinal

A

groin, area where thigh meets body trunk

58
Q

nasal

A

nose area

59
Q

oral

A

mouth

60
Q

orbital

A

eye area

61
Q

patellar

A

anterior knee

62
Q

pelvic

A

area overlying the pelvis anteriorly

63
Q

pubic

A

genital region

64
Q

sternal

A

breastbone area

65
Q

tarsal

A

ankle region

66
Q

thoracic

A

chest

67
Q

umbilical

A

navel

68
Q

cephalic

A

head

69
Q

deltoid

A

curve of shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle

70
Q

gluteal

A

buttock

71
Q

lumbar

A

area of back between ribs and hips

72
Q

occipital

A

posterior surface of head

73
Q

popliteal

A

posterior knee area

74
Q

sacral

A

area between hips

75
Q

scapular

A

shoulder blade region

76
Q

sural

A

the posterior surface of lower leg; calf

77
Q

vertebral

A

area of spine

78
Q

first level of structure in the body

A

chemicals

79
Q

second structure of the body/first living structure of the body

A

cells

80
Q

third level of the body/second living structure of the body

A

tissue

81
Q

fourth structure of the body/third living structure of the body

A

organs

82
Q

fifth level of the body/fourth living level of the body

A

organ systems

83
Q

highest structure of the body

A

organism

84
Q

chemical level

A

the simplest level of the structural ladder
(contains atoms [tiny building blocks of matter], molecules [combined atoms], cells [the smallest units if all living things])

85
Q

tissue level

A

-second level of the structural ladder
(contains tissues [consist of groups of similar cells that have a common function {epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue}])

86
Q

organ level

A

-third level of the structural ladder where complex functions become possible
(organ[a structure composed of two or more tissue types, that performs a specific function for the body], organ system[a group of organs that cooperate to accomplish a common purpose])

87
Q

organismal level

A

-the highest level of structural organization

organism[11 organ systems make up the living body]

88
Q

section

A

cut

89
Q

plane

A

imaginary line

90
Q

Sagittarius section

A

a cut made along the lengthwise, longitudinal, plane of the body (dividing into right and left parts)

91
Q

midsagittal (median) section

A

if the cut is made down the median plane of the body and the right and left parts are equal in size

92
Q

frontal section

A

a cut made along a lengthwise plane that divides the body (or an organ) into anterior and posterior parts) also called a corneal section

93
Q

transverse section

A

a cut along different planes often results in very different views

94
Q

dorsal body cavity

A

two subdivisions which are continuous with each other (cranial cavity and spinal cavity)

95
Q

cranial cavity

A

the space inside the bony skull

96
Q

spinal cavity

A

extends from the cranial cavity nearly to the end of the vertebral column, space where spinal cord is located

97
Q

ventral body cavity

A

much larger than the dorsal and contains all the structures within the chest and abdomen (thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, and pelvic cavity)

98
Q

thoracic cavity

A

separated from the rest of the ventral cavity by a dome shaped muscle (diaphragm)

99
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

cavity inferior to the diaphragm

two subdivisions=abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

100
Q

abdominal cavity

A

containing the stomach, liver, intestines, and other organs

101
Q

umbilical region

A

center most region deep to and surrounding the

102
Q

epicanthic region

A

superior to the umbilical region

103
Q

hypogastric (pubic) region

A

inferior to the umbilical region

104
Q

right and left iliac (inguinal regions)

A

lateral to the hypogastric region

105
Q

right and left lumber regions

A

lie lateral to the umbilical region

106
Q

right and left hypochondriac regions

A

flank the epigastric region and contain the lower ribs

107
Q

pelvic cavity

A

contains reproductive organs, bladder, rectum

108
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle that divides the central cavity, located between the thoracic and abdominalpelvic cavities

109
Q

olecranal

A

posterior of the elbow

Anatomy & Physiology (19 decks)

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