Blood Test Flashcards
what type of tissue is blood
connective
functions of blood
- transport gases, nutrients wastes
- transport processed molecules
- transport regulatory molecules
- regulation of pH and osmosis
- maintain body temp
- preotect against foreign substances
- clot formation
leukocytes
WBCs that fight off infection caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, and tumor cells
erythrocytes
RBCs
thrombocytes
platelets
in a centrifuge what are the different layers that result
plasma (55%) formed elements (45%)
plasma
water, salts, plasma proteins, and substances transported by blood
formed elements
erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
red blood cells
contain few organelles and hemoglobin
granulocytes
cells that have granules in cytoplasm
neutrophils
(granulocyte)
most common, alive for 10-12 hours
found in pus
eosinophils
(granulocyte)
reduce chemicals to decrease infection, rid body of parasitic worms, regulates inflammatory response
basophils
(granulocyte)
release histamine to promote inflammation, release heparin to prevent clots
agranulocytes
cells that lack granules
lymphocytes
(agranulocyte)
smallest white blood cell produce antibodies
B and T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
(agranulocyte)
oversee immunity of bodies/ humors (fluids)
mature in bone marrow
T lymphocytes
(agranulocyte)
arise from cells that migrate to thymus for maturity(2-3 days) regulated by thymosin hormone
circulate through the body go after pathogen infected cells
monocytes
(agranulocyte)
largest white blood cell
become macrophages-phagocytize bacteria, dead cells
platelets
fragments of large multinucleate cells
clot blood
produced in red bone marrow
aka thrombocytes
anemia
decrease in oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
cause: low # of RBCs (not enough)
hematopoiesis
blood cell formation
happens in red bone marrow
stay in bone marrow until mature, then go to rest of body
hemostasis
blood clotting process
platelet plug formation, vascular spasms, and coagulation
how long does it take normal blood to clot
3-6 minutes
thrombus
clot that develops and stays in unbroken blood vessel
embolus
stroke
leukemia
cancer of the blood cells
hemophilia
“bleeder’s disease”
lack of certain clotting factors
sex linked
thrombocytopenia
insufficient # of platelets in blood
mononucleosis
causes Epsin Barr virus
sore throat, fever, tired, enlarged spleen
“kissing disease”
anticoagulants
aspirin, heparin, coumadin
universal donor
blood type O
universal receiver
AB
antigens
substance that the body recognizes
antibodies
agglutinins for defense
agglutination
clumping
blood typing
to ensure there is no agglutination
cross matching
testing to make sure donor blood is compatible
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Mother is Rh- and baby is Rh+
- first pregnancy: mother starts building antibodies against Rh factor
- second pregnancy: mother’s body will try to reject baby, baby can be born with hemolytic disease, baby is anemic, hypoxic, brain damage if left untreated
- treatment: transfusing the baby at birth
