MSK 33 - Lower Limb-IV Flashcards
What is a bursa? What does it do?
A small fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane with an inner capillary layer of viscous synovial fluid. It provides a cushion between bones and tendons and/or muscles around a joint. This helps to reduce friction between the bones and allows free movement. Bursae are found around most major joints of the body.
Where is the infrapatellar fat pad located within the knee?
Anterior to the synovial membrane and posterior to the patellar ligament
Facts to know about the bursas of the knee.
List the arteries that supply the knee and what arteries they branch off of.
List the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg, their actions, and innervations.
Very important note about the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg.
What is a mnemonic that can be used to remember the anatomy of the ankle tendons from anterior to posterior as they pass posteriorly to the medial malleolus under the flexor retinaculum in the tarsal tunnel
Tom, Dick, And, Very Nevous Harry
Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Posterior Tibial Artery
Posterior Tibial Vein
Tibial Nerve
Flexor Hallucis Longus
List the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg, their actions, and innervations.
List the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg, their actions, and innervations.
What artery supplies the majority of blood to the leg and foot? In what compartment of the leg can it be found and how does it enter that compartment? What does it branch into once it enters that compartment?
The popliteal artery is the major blood supply to the leg and foot and enters the posterior compartment of the leg from the popliteal fossa behind the knee. Shortly after entering the leg the popliteal artery branches to give off the anterior and posterior tibial arteries.
Describe the route of the anterior tibial artery.
What supplies most of the blood to the lateral compartements of the leg?
The perforating arterial branches from the fibular artery
What symptoms are indicative of a tibial nerve injury?
What symptoms are indicative of a common fibular nerve injury?
What is compartment syndrome? What are the most common causes of it? How is it treated?
A condition in which increased pressure within one of the body’s compartments results in insufficient blood supply to tissue.
~45% of cases are caused by tibial fracture
Surgical treatment is done by incising the deep fascia to release pressure
What are the 6 P’s of acute limb ischemia?
Pain
Paresthesias (pins and needles feeling)
Pallor (pale appearance)
Paresis (weakness/paralysis)
Pulselessness
Poikilothermia (cold)
What spinal nerve does the patellar tendon reflex check?
L3 and L4
What is this an image of?
Baker’s Cyst
What is a Baker’s Cyst?
