MSK 33 - Lower Limb-IV

Question 1

What is a bursa? What does it do?

Answer 1

A small fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane with an inner capillary layer of viscous synovial fluid. It provides a cushion between bones and tendons and/or muscles around a joint. This helps to reduce friction between the bones and allows free movement. Bursae are found around most major joints of the body.

Question 2

Where is the infrapatellar fat pad located within the knee?

Answer 2

Anterior to the synovial membrane and posterior to the patellar ligament

Question 3

Facts to know about the bursas of the knee.

Answer 3

Question 4

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Question 5

List the arteries that supply the knee and what arteries they branch off of.

Answer 5

Question 6

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Question 7

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Question 8

List the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg, their actions, and innervations.

Answer 8

Question 9

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Question 10

Very important note about the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg.

Answer 10

Question 11

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Question 12

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Question 13

What is a mnemonic that can be used to remember the anatomy of the ankle tendons from anterior to posterior as they pass posteriorly to the medial malleolus under the flexor retinaculum in the tarsal tunnel

Answer 13

Tom, Dick, And, Very Nevous Harry

Tibialis Posterior

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Posterior Tibial Artery

Posterior Tibial Vein

Tibial Nerve

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Question 14

List the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg, their actions, and innervations.

Answer 14

Question 15

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Question 16

List the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg, their actions, and innervations.

Answer 16

Question 17

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Question 18

What artery supplies the majority of blood to the leg and foot? In what compartment of the leg can it be found and how does it enter that compartment? What does it branch into once it enters that compartment?

Answer 18

The popliteal artery is the major blood supply to the leg and foot and enters the posterior compartment of the leg from the popliteal fossa behind the knee. Shortly after entering the leg the popliteal artery branches to give off the anterior and posterior tibial arteries.

Question 19

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Question 20

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Question 21

Describe the route of the anterior tibial artery.

Answer 21

Question 22

What supplies most of the blood to the lateral compartements of the leg?

Answer 22

The perforating arterial branches from the fibular artery

Question 23

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Question 24

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Question 25

What symptoms are indicative of a tibial nerve injury?

Answer 25

Question 26

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Question 27

What symptoms are indicative of a common fibular nerve injury?

Answer 27

Question 28

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Question 29

What is compartment syndrome? What are the most common causes of it? How is it treated?

Answer 29

A condition in which increased pressure within one of the body’s compartments results in insufficient blood supply to tissue.

~45% of cases are caused by tibial fracture

Surgical treatment is done by incising the deep fascia to release pressure

Question 30

What are the 6 P’s of acute limb ischemia?

Answer 30

Pain

Paresthesias (pins and needles feeling)

Pallor (pale appearance)

Paresis (weakness/paralysis)

Pulselessness

Poikilothermia (cold)

Question 31

What spinal nerve does the patellar tendon reflex check?

Answer 31

L3 and L4

Question 32

What is this an image of?

Answer 32

Baker’s Cyst

Question 33

What is a Baker’s Cyst?

Answer 33