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BPM1 Exam 3 - Musculoskeletal > MSK 11 - Muscles-I > Flashcards

MSK 11 - Muscles-I Flashcards

1
Q

What do the terms “sarcoplasm” and “sarcolema” refer to?

A

The cytoplasm and plasma membrane of a myocyte, respectively.

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2
Q

What is a syncytium?

A

A single cell or cytoplasmic mass containing several nuclei, formed by fusion of cells or by division of nuclei. Skeletal muscle fibers are a syncytium.

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3
Q

How many myocytes make up a single muscle fiber? How is the muscle fiber formed?

A

A muscle fiber consists of just one myocyte that is a syncytium of numerous myoblasts.

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4
Q

What is the length of a muscle fiber?

A

Varies from milimeters to almost a meter

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5
Q

How do muscle fiber repair, heal, and renew?

A
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6
Q

How do myocytes appear on a light micrograph?

A
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7
Q
A
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8
Q

What is an endomysium? Discuss its composition and function.

A
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9
Q

What is a perimysium? Discuss composition and function.

A

A layer of connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fascicle and contains blood vessels and nerves that are larger than those found in endomysium

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10
Q

What is an epimysium? Discuss composition and function

A
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11
Q

What are the four ways skeletal muscle is classified?

A
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12
Q

Facts to know about Type 1 Skeletal Muscle

A
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13
Q

Facts to know about Type IIa skeletal muscle

A
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14
Q

Facts to know about Type IIb skeletal muscle

A
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15
Q

What is a myofibril? Discuss composition and function

A
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16
Q
A
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17
Q

On a light micrograph of skeletal muscle tissue there will be striations and dark and light bands present. What are these?

A

Striations are caused by the regular arrangement of the myofilaments and the fact that one of the filaments is thick (myosin-II, dark band) and the other is thin (actin, light band)

The light band is the I band and the dark band is the A band.

18
Q
A
19
Q

Discuss the polarity of the thin filament in a sarcomere.

A
20
Q

What is the tromponin complex made up of? What do each of these components do?

A
21
Q

What is the thick filament composed of and how are these components arranged?

A
22
Q
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23
Q
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24
Q
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25
Q

What is titin and what does it do in skeletal muscle?

A

Titin is an accessory muscle protein that anchors the thick filament to the Z line

26
Q

What is myomesin and what does it do in skeletal muscle?

A

Myomesin is an accessory muscle protein that binds myosin and helps to align the thick filaments at the M-line

27
Q

What is alpha-actinin and what does is do in skeletal muscle?

A

Alpha-actinin is an accessory muscle protein that binds actin that helps to bundle and anchor the thin filaments at the Z-line

28
Q

What is nebulin and what does it do in skeletal muscle?

A

Nebulin is an accessory muscle protein that helps anchor thin filaments at the Z-line and regulates their length during development

29
Q

What is C-protein and what does it do in skeletal muscle?

A

C-protein is an accessory muscle protein that binds myosin and helps to align thick filaments at the M-line

30
Q

What is tropomodulin and what does it do in skeletal muscle?

A

Tropomodulin is an accessory muscle protein that maintains and regulates the length of the actin filament by acting as an actin cap

31
Q

What is desmin and what does it do in skeletal muscle?

A

Desmin is an intermediate filament that surrounds the sarcomere at Z-lines and attaches them to one another and to the plasma membrane.

32
Q

What is dystrophin and what does it do in skeletal muscle?

A
33
Q

Facts to know about Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

A
34
Q

What does this image depict?

A

Muscle fibers without dystrophin. A result of DMD

35
Q
A
36
Q
A
37
Q
A

SR - Sarcoplamic Reticulum

Td - Triad

Tc - Terminal cisternae

M - mitochondria

38
Q

What is a motor unit? How many types of muscle fibers can be in a motor unit?

A
39
Q

What occurs if a muscle loses innervation?

A

It atrophies

40
Q
A

The bottom one is synaptic cleft

41
Q

What is Myasthenia Gravis? Discuss causes and symptoms

A

BPM1 Exam 3 - Musculoskeletal (34 decks)

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