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BPM1 Exam 3 - Musculoskeletal > MSK 15 - Upper Limb-I > Flashcards

MSK 15 - Upper Limb-I Flashcards

1
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2
Q

How can you tell which end of the clavicle is which?

A

The flat end is the acromial end and the quatdrangular end is the sternal end

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6
Q

Where do most fractures of the proximal humerus occur and what else can be injured with these fractures?

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7
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8
Q

List all of the joints of the shoulder complex.

A
  1. Sternoclavicular (sternum and clavicle)
  2. Acromioclavicular (scapula and clavicle)
  3. Glenohumeral (humerus and scapula)
  4. Scapulothoracic (scapula and thorax)
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9
Q

What are the synovial joints of the shoulder complex?

A

Sternoclavicular

Acromioclavicular

Glenohumeral

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10
Q

What is impingement syndrome?

A

A clinical syndrome which occurs when the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles become irritated and inflamed as they pass through the subacromial space

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11
Q

What type of movement does the sternoclavicular joint do?

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12
Q

What ligaments form/reinforce the sternoclavicular joint?

A
  1. Anterior sternoclavicular ligament (forms most of the joint)
  2. Interclavicular ligament
  3. Costoclavicular ligament
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13
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14
Q

What type of movement does the acromioclavicular joint allow for and what ligaments reinforce this joint?

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15
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16
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17
Q

What is the glenoid labrum and what is its primary purpose?

A

The glenoid labrum (glenoid ligament) is a fibrocartilaginous rim attached around the margin of the glenoid cavity in the shoulder blade. It serves to deepen and strengthen the glenohumeral joint

18
Q

Where does the synovial membrane of the glenohumeral joint attach?

A

To the margins of the articular suface

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20
Q

What ligaments serve to thicken the joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint?

A

The superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments

The coracohumeral ligament

The transverse humeral ligament

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23
Q

When a clavicle is broken, how are the fragments usually displaced and why?

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24
Q

What are some injuries typically associated with a clavicle fracture?

A

Pneumothorax

Damage to subclavian vein and artery

25
Q

What are the varying degrees of shoulder separation injuries?

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26
Q

List the muscles that act on the shoulder joint and what they do.

A
  • Deltoid - abducts arm from 15-90 degrees
  • Pectoralis major - flexion, adduction and medial rotation of arm
  • Serratus anterior - rotates scapula upward for abduction of arm above 90 degrees
  • Trapezius - helps rotate scapula during abduction of arm >90 degrees, elevation of scapula
  • Teres major - extension, adduction, medial rotation of the arm
  • Latissimus dorsi - extends, adducts and medially rotates arm
  • Supraspinatus - abduction of arm from 0-15 degrees
  • Infraspinatus - lateral rotation of arm
  • Subscapularis - medial rotation of arm
  • Teres minor - lateral rotator of arm
27
Q

List the muscles that act on the shoulder joint and the nerves that innervate them.

A
  • Deltoid - axillary nerve
  • Pectoralis major - medial and lateral pectoral nerves
  • Serratus anterior - long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
  • Trapezius - spinal accessory nerve
  • Teres major - lower subscapular nerve
  • Latissimus dorsi - thoracodorsal nerve
  • Supraspinatus - suprascapular nerve
  • Infraspinatus - suprascapular nerve
  • Subscapularis - upper and lower subscapular nerves
  • ​Teres minor - axillary nerve
28
Q

What is the mnemonic to remember the rotator cuff muscles?

A

SITSS

S - Supraspinatus

I - Infraspinatus

T - Teres minor

SS - subscapularis

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30
Q

Discuss the most common rotator cuff injury.

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31
Q

What is Hilton’s law?

A

Any nerve that provides motor innervation to the muscles acting on a joint will also carry sensation from the joint

32
Q

List the vessels that innervate and supply blood to the shoulder joint.

A

Innervation - posterior cord of the brachial plexus, terminal branches of the brachial plexus, suprascapular nerve, axillary nerve, and the lateral pectoral nerves

Blood Supply - branches of the antreior and posterior circumflex humeral and suprascapular arteries

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34
Q

Why are many shoulder dislocations in the anterior-inferior direction?

A

Typically the subscapularis is the muscle of the rotator cuff that gives out first. Because of this most should dislocations occur toward that muscle which is anteriorly and inferiorly

35
Q

What neurovascular structures are often damaged in shoulder dislocation injuries? What sensory and motor deficits could this lead to?

A

Axiallary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery

This could lead to a decreased ability to laterally rotate the arm (teres minor), abduct the arm from 15-90 degrees (deltoid), and could lead to a sensory deficit in the upper lateral part of the arm.

BPM1 Exam 3 - Musculoskeletal (34 decks)

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