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BPM1 Exam 3 - Musculoskeletal > MSK 01 - Cartilage > Flashcards

MSK 01 - Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

What substances make up the majority of cartilage? Give percentages

A

95% ECM (40% of which is collagen fibrils)

5% chondrocytes

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2
Q

What is the major component of cartilage ground substance?

A

GAGs

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3
Q

Describe cartilage ECM pliability

A

It is solid and firm but still pliable

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4
Q

What are the major functions of cartilage?

A
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5
Q
A

Hyaline Cartilage

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6
Q
A

Elastic Cartilage

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7
Q
A

FIbrocartilage

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8
Q

What are the locations of hyaline cartilage in the body?

A
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9
Q

What are hyaline cartilage cells called? What do these cells arise from?

A
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10
Q

What are the primary components of hyaline cartilage ECM?

A

Type-II collagen

GAGs

Glycoprotein

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11
Q

What is a perichondrium? How many layers does it have? Where is it found?

A
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12
Q

What type of cartilage has no perichondrium?

A

Cartialge found at articular surfaces

All fibrocartilage

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13
Q

What do the two layers of the perichondrium contain?

A
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14
Q

Is the cartilage matrix vascularized?

A

No

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15
Q

How does a cartilage matrix get its nutrients?

A

Nutrients are supplied by the vessels of the perichondrium by diffusion

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16
Q

What are chondroblasts? What do they do? Where do they come from? Where are they located and how are they situated?

A

Chondroblasts are ovoid cartilage matrix cells that synthesize cartilage matrix. They arise from chondrogenic cells and are situated just below the chondrogenic layer of the perichondrium so that their longitudinal axes lie parallel to the cartilage surface.

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17
Q

What is a lacunae?

A

The space occupied by a chondroblast

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18
Q

Facts to know about chondrocytes

A
  • Mature chondroblasts located deeper in the cartilage matrix
  • Spherical in shape
  • They divide by mitosis to form 4-8 chondrocytes in a group called an isogenous group or cell nest
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19
Q
A

Isogenous group or Cell nest

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20
Q

What are the notable featurs of a chondrocyte as seen on TEM?

A
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21
Q
A

Chondrocyte

22
Q

How did hyaline cartilage get its name?

A

About 15% of hyaline cartilage matrix is type-II collagen. Collagen fibrils are not readily visible in light micrographs due to possessing the same refractive index as ground substance. This gives a glassy appearance to the cartilage. Hyaline means glassy appearance

23
Q

Facts to know about capsular matrix

A
24
Q
A

That dark ring around the chondrocyte is capsular matrix

25
Q

What is territorial matrix?

A

Matrix found around isogenous groups

26
Q

What is interterritorial matrix?

A

Matrix in-between isogenous groups

27
Q

What is the importance of the sulphate groups on the GAGs of cartilage?

A
28
Q

What provides the majority of the strength that cartilage has?

A

The proteoglycans

29
Q

What are the two types of growth seen in hyaline cartilage?

A

Appositional

Interstitial

30
Q

What is appositional cartilage growth

A
31
Q

What is interstitial cartilage growth?

A
32
Q

What influences the growth rate of cartilage?

A
33
Q

Discuss the regenerative properties of hyaline cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage regenerates very poorly and the perichondrium forms scar tissue

34
Q

Discuss the calcification of hyaline cartilage

A

It can get calcified in old age to the point that it is almost like bone

35
Q

What are the 4 major regions of articular cartilage?

A
36
Q
A
37
Q
A
38
Q

Were is elastic cartilage located in the body?

A
39
Q

What types of substances and cells are present in elastic cartilage? What do these cells arise from?

A
40
Q

Discuss the growth, degeneration, and calcification of elastic cartilage.

A
41
Q
A

Perichondrium

Chondroblast

Elastic fibers

Chondrocyte

42
Q

What is the major function of elastic cartilage?

A

To offer support and flexibility

43
Q

Compare and contrast the hyaline and elastic cartilage matrices.

A

They are identical except that elastic cartilage matrix also has elastic fibers in it that give it a yellowish color

44
Q

Where is fibrocartilage located in the human body?

A
45
Q
A

Elastic Cartilage

46
Q
A

Fibrocartilage

47
Q

What types of cells and substances are present in fibrocartilage? What do these cells arise from?

A
48
Q

What type of growth can occur within fibrocartilage?

A

Only interstitial, due to there being no perichondrium

49
Q

Is fibrocartilage ever found alone?

A

No, it is always found in conjunction with hyaline cartilage and other fibrous tissues

50
Q
A
51
Q

Discuss the orientation of the components of fibrocartilage.

A

BPM1 Exam 3 - Musculoskeletal (34 decks)

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