MSK 30 - Lower Limb-I

Question 1

Where is the body’s center of gravity when standing erect?

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Name and list the attachments of the ligaments of the hip joint.

Answer 6

Question 7

List the arteries that directly supply the hip joint.

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

What is the cruciate anastomosis and why is it clinically relevant?

Answer 9

The cruciate anastomosis is a circulatory anastomosis in the upper thigh of the inferior gluteal artery, the lateral and medial circumflex femoral arteries, and the first perforating artery of the profunda femoris artery. The cruciate anastomosis is clinically relevant because if there is a blockage between the femoral artery and external iliac artery, blood can reach the popliteal artery by means of the anastomosis.

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

Describe the path of Shenton’s line and draw it on this x-ray.

Answer 14

Formed by the medial edge of femoral neck and the interior edge of the superior pubic ramus.

Question 15

What are the two classifications of femur fractures? Which one is more dangerous and why?

Answer 15

Intra-capsular fractures (occuring at the femoral neck and within the joint capsule)

Extra-capsular fractures (occuring outside the femoral neck)

Intracapsular injuries are more dangerous because they often involve damage to the arteries feeding the femoral head, most notably the retinacular and femoral circumflex arteries. This is dangerous because it can lead to hemorrhage and avascular necrosis.

Question 16

List the types of intra and extracapsular femoral fractures.

Answer 16

Question 17

Wha do both intra and extracapsular femoral fractures result in?

Answer 17

External rotation of the leg with some shortening

Question 18

What is coxa vara?

Answer 18

A deformity of the hip, whereby the angle between the head and the shaft of the femur is reduced. This results in the leg being shortened, and the development of a limp. It is commonly caused by injury, such as a fracture.

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

Describe the path of the fracture line of an intertrochanteric fracture.

Answer 20

Question 21

What is the most common type of hip dislocation and why? How does this occur?

Answer 21

The posterior hip dislocation is most common because the ischiofemoral ligament is very weak

The fibrous layer of the joint capsule ruptures inferiorly and posteriorly allowing the femoral head to pass through the tear in the capsule and over the posterior margin of the acetabulum onto the lateral surface of the ilium, shortening and medially rotating the affected limb

Question 22

What types of injuries often accompany a posterior hip dislocation?

Answer 22

Fractures or soft tissue injuries not visible on x-ray. Damage to the sciatic nerve

Question 23

Answer 23

Question 24

List the superficial muscles of the gluteal region, their actions, and innervations.

Answer 24

Question 25

Answer 25

Question 26

List the deep muscles of the gluteal region, their actions, and innervations.

Answer 26

Question 27

Answer 27

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

What is the primary purpose of the gluteus minimus and medius?

Answer 30

Question 31

What is a positive trendelenburg sign and what is it informative of.

Answer 31

Question 32

Answer 32

Question 33

Discuss the lymphatic drainage of the gluteal region.

Answer 33

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

What landmarks are used to identify a safe site for an IM injections in the gluteal region? Where do you palpate for these landmarks?

Answer 35