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BPM1 Exam 3 - Musculoskeletal > MSK 10 - The Axial and Brachial Plexuses > Flashcards

MSK 10 - The Axial and Brachial Plexuses Flashcards

1
Q

What is a person’s axilla?

A

The space below the shoulder through which vessels and nerves enter and leave the upper arm; a person’s armpit.

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2
Q

What structures make up the boundaries of the axilla?

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3
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5
Q

What does the clavipectoral fascia extend from and to? What does it encapsulate? Does it have any specializations?

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11
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12
Q

What is the mnemonic to remember the arteries that branch off of the subclavian artery?

A

VIT C & D

Vertebral Artery

Internal Thoracic Artery

Thyrocervical Trunk

Costocervical Artery

Dorsal Scapular (if present)

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13
Q
A
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14
Q

Where is the axillary artery? What is it a continuation of and what does it become? How is it divided into sections?

A
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15
Q

How many branches come off of the axillary artery and where? What is an easy way to remember this?

A

The 1st part of the axiallary artery (the part medial to the pectoralis minor) has 1 branch. The 2nd part (the part deep to the pectoralis minor) has two branches. The 3rd part (the part lateral to the pectoralis minor) has 3 branches.

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16
Q

What is the acromion?

A
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17
Q

List the branches of the axillary artery and what section they arise from.

A

1st Part: superior thoracic artery

2nd Part: thoracoacromial & lateral thoracic arteries

3rd Part: subscapular artery and the posterior & anterior humeral circumflex arteries

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18
Q

What are the branches of the thoracoacromial artery? What is the mnemonic used to remember this?

A

PACD

Pectoral

Acromial

Clavicular

Deltoid

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19
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23
Q

How can blood get to the arm if there is a blockage of the axillary artery?

A

The suprascapular artery anastomoses with the circumflex scapular artery which anastomoses with the subscapular artery which anastomoses with the distal end of the axillary artery

24
Q

What is the axillary sheath?

A

A fibrous sheath that encloses the axillary artery and the axillary vein and the three cords of the brachial plexus to form the neurovascular bundle

25
Q

What spinal nerves innervate the brachial plexux?

A

C5-C8 & T1

26
Q

What are the parts of the brachial plexus called from medial to distal? What is a good mnemonic to remember this?

A

Read That Damn Cadaver Book

Roots

Trunks

Divisions

Cords

(Terminal) Branches

27
Q

How many roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and terminal branches are there in the brachial plexus?

A

5 Roots

3 Trunks

6 Divisions

3 Cords

5 Terminal Branches

28
Q

Draw out the brachial plexus (without the small branches). Show which sections correspond to roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and terminal branches. Label which spinal nerves innervate which root.

A
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33
Q

Draw out and label everything in the brachial plexus

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34
Q

What muscle(s) does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate?

A

Rhomboids

Levator Scapulae

35
Q

What muscle(s) does the long thoracic nerve innervate?

A

Serratus anterior

36
Q

What muscle(s) does the suprascapular nerve innervate?

A

Supraspinatus and infraspinatus

37
Q

What muscle(s) does the sublavian nerve innervate?

A

The subclavius

38
Q

What muscle(s) does the lateral pectoral nerve innervate?

A

Pectoralis major

39
Q

What muscle(s) does the lower subscapular nerve innervate?

A

Subscapularis

Teres Major

40
Q

What muscle(s) does the thoracodorsal nerve innervate?

A

Latissimus dorsi

41
Q

What muscle(s) does the upper subscapular nerve innervate?

A

Subscapularis

42
Q

What muscle(s) does the medial pectoral nerve innervate?

A

Pectoralis major and minor

43
Q

Which nerves are usually affected in an upper brachial plexus injury? What types of events cause an upper brachial plexus injury?

A

Typically the roots and trunks of C5-C7 are injured causing issues with the musculocutaneous, axillary, and suprascapular nerves

44
Q

Which nerves are usually affected in a lower brachial plexus injury? What type of events usually cause lower brachial plexus injuries?

A

Lower brachial plexus injuries usually result in damage to the C8 & T1 roots and trunks which will affect the function of the ulnar and part of the median nerve.

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47
Q

What is the memory trick for learning which types of nerves are innervated by which spinal nerves?

A

BPM1 Exam 3 - Musculoskeletal (34 decks)

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