Ms86-90 Animals Quest Flashcards
what are the 2 kinds of body symmetry?
radial
bilateral
what amount of animals are invertebrates?
2/3
how many animal phyla are there?
35
what kind of structure did the first animals have?
simple invertebrates
what process forms morula from the zygote?
cleavage
what process forms blastula from morula?
cleavage
what process from blastula to blastophore?
gastrulation (cell membrane)
what process from blatophore to organism?
development
what process from organism to zygote?
reproduction
what happens during gastrulation?
3 germ layers form
what does the ectoderm layer do?
skin
nervous system
what does the endoderm do?
gut (digestive system)
what does the mesoderm do?
blood
bones
gonads
protostome orifice development?
mouth first
deuterostome orifice development?
anus first
who were the first animals?
phylum Porifera
what movement do Porifera have?
sessile
what phyla do sponges belong to?
Porifera
what do spicules do?
protection
structure
what does collagen do?
structure
evolution of animals?
choanoflagellates (protist)–> sponge choanocyte–> sponge
What phyla has stinging?
Cnidarians
what are cnidarian stingers called?
cnidocytes
what simple things do cnidarians have?
simple nerve net and gastrovascular cavity
what is mesoglea?
a jelly-like substance
what are the two kinds of cnidarian body plans?
polyp
medusa
what is the largest marine phylum and how many species?
Mollusca
50,000
what are the 3 classes of mollusks?
bivalvia
gastropods
cephalapoda
3 parts of mollusks?
foot
mantle
radula
how do mollusks feed?
filter feed or predation
are mollusks protostomes or deuterostomes?
protostomes
what coelom is a flatworm?
acoelomate
what coelom is an annelid?
pseudocoelomate
what does coelom do?
allows for greater specialization of function
separates internal organs
what kind of symmetry do worms have?
bilateral symmetry
what is the life protein?
collagen
what helps worms retain water and help with protection?
non-cellular cuticle (made of collagen)
are worms protostomic or deuterostomes?
protostomic (mouth develops first)
how many germ layers does a worm have?
3 germ layers (triploblastic)
what kind of worms are in Platyhelminthes?
flatworms
do Platyhelminthes have an anus?
no
what does the flat shape of Platyhelminthes help do?
solves the challenge of exchanging gas and nutrients and waste with the environment
what kind of worms are in Nematoda?
Round Worms
what kind of coelom are Nematoda?
pseudocoelomate
what are Nematoda reliant on?
diffusion (no circulatory system)
many Nematoda are what? (how do they get food)
parasitic
what kind of worms are in Annelida?
segmented worms
what kind of coelom are Annelida
coelomate
what kind of circulatory system do Annelida have?
closed circulatory system
parts of the nervous system of Annelida?
Cerebral ganglia
ventral nerve cord
what is the Nephridia of the earth worm analogous to?
to vertebrate kidneys
what is closed circulatory blood confined to?
blood vessels
if you have an open circulatory system, what must you rely on?
diffusion
what phyla do sea stars belong to?
Echinodermata
what coelom is Echinodermata?
coelomate
what kind of vascular system do Echinodermata have?
water vascular system
what do tube feet in Echinodermata do?
movement
feeding (pull apart bivalves)
gas exchange
what does the Simple Nerve Ring do for Echinodermata?
allows eyespots to sense light or dark
who was the first arthropod?
trilobites
what kind of body do Arthropoda have?
segmented body
what are the four sub-phylums in Arthropoda?
insects
crustaceans
arachnids
myriapods
what is the largest animal class?
insects
are Arthropoda protostomic or deuterostomic?
they are protostomes
what coelome are Arthropoda?
coelomate
what kind of circulatory system do Arthropoda have?
open circulatory system
what Arthropoda structure is analogous to the vertebrate trachea?
trachea
what Arthropoda structure is analogous to the worm nephridia and vertebrate kidneys?
malpighian tubules
what is the exoskeleton of Arthropoda made of and what does it do?
chitin (non-cellular)
protects organs
water retention
structural support
three body segments of Arthropoda and function?
head (sensory)
thorax (appendages attach)
abdomen (reproductive organs)
most phylum Chordata are what?
vertebrates
what do all Chordata have as embryos?
post-anal tail
notochord
pharyngeal arches
what structures do all vertebrates have?
bony or cartilaginous endoskeleton skull closed circulatory system 4-chambered heart tail or tailbone hinged jaw
what were fish the first to have?
gills
hinged jaws
teeth
vertebrae
what mode of regulating body temperature is external?
ectothermic
what mode of regulating body temperature is internal?
endothermic
what mode of regulating body temperature is stable?
homeothermic
what animal species represented the transition of tetrapods from water to land?
Tiktaalik
evolutionary innovation in Fish?
teeth
hinged jaw
evolutionary innovation in Amphibians?
1st tetrapods
rudimentary lungs
semi-aquatic lifestyle
evolutionary innovation in Reptiles?
fully terrestrial
amniotic eggs
internal fertilization
strong lungs
evolutionary innovation in Birds?
feathers 4-chambered heart lungs deliver O2 on inhale and exhale hollow bones keel bone(flight muscles) endothermic (most homeothermic)
evolutionary innovation in Mammals
internal development live birth sweat glands fur mammary glands extended parental care placenta
what group of Mammals have the placenta?
Eutherians
what are the three kinds of Mammals in order of least to most developed?
Monotremes
Marsupials
Eutherians
what are Monotremes?
egg laying Mammals
what are Marsupials?
Mammals that give birth to underdeveloped young
what are Eutherians?
Mammals with a placenta and umbilical cord with villi
