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Honors Biology 1 > MS2-MS6 > Flashcards

MS2-MS6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is another name for a producer?

A

Autotroph

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2
Q

What is a producer?

A

Organism that gets their energy from an abiotic source, usually the sun

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3
Q

What is the rule about energy transfer between Tropic levels?

A

About 10% is transferred and stored from one Trophic level to the next

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4
Q

What is Net Primary Productivity?

A

amount of energy capture by producers, what they use for their own metabolic processes

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5
Q

What is Gross Primary Productivity?

A

Gross amount of energy captured and stored by producers; subtract metabolic process energy from this to get NPP

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6
Q

Two things required for high NPP?

A

Sunlight and Water!

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7
Q

What does it mean that energy flows through an ecosystem?

A

Energy is gradually lost as heat as it goes from one Trophic level to the next.

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8
Q

How much matter and nutrients do we have? So what must happen?

A

A finite amount, so we must recycle them by things like decomposers

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9
Q

What do nutrients do in an Ecosystem?

A

Nutrients cycle through an ecosystem, one to the next to the next repeat

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10
Q

How much of Earth’s surface is water?

A

75% of Earth’s surface is water. 97% of that is marine, only 3% is freshwater

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11
Q

What contributes to productivity in an aquatic ecosystem?

A

Sunlight; Nutrients; human activity(fertilizer runoff)

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12
Q

What are two kinds of lakes?

A

Temperate and tropical lakes

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13
Q

What is the difference between temperate and tropical lakes?

A

Temperate lakes have significantly more organisms than tropical lakes because of Seasonal turnover, occurring only in temperate lakes

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14
Q

What is Seasonal Turnover?

A

Seasonal Turnover is the changes of temperature between seasons causing nutrients to cycle between depths in the lake

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15
Q

What is Eutrophication?

A

It is an overload of nutrients from fertilizer runoff causing over productivity

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16
Q

What happens because of Eutrophication?

A

Algae die, sinking to the bottom where an increased decomposition level causes a depletion in the oxygen levels killing other organisms, releasing sulfur (Algal Blooms)

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17
Q

What are rivers?

A

Moving freshwater banked by land

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18
Q

Where do rivers originate from?

A

Usually from snow or icemelts

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19
Q

Where are rivers the coldest and contain the most oxygen?

A

At the source

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20
Q

Where do rivers end up?

A

Empty into oceans or lakes

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21
Q

What is a wetland?

A

Standing shallow water with submerged land

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22
Q

What do wetlands?

A

Naturally filter water and provide storm buffers

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23
Q

What is a Marsh?

A

A marsh is dominated by grass

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24
Q

What is a Swamp?

A

A swamp is dominated by trees

25
Q

What is a bog?

A

Very acidic and very low oxygen levels

26
Q

What is an estuary?

A

A region where a river empties into the ocean, with brackish water and salinity tolerant organisms. It has high productivity and biodiversity, and acts as a nursery for juvenile organisms

27
Q

What is brackish water?

A

Water that has more salt than freshwater but less than saltwater

28
Q

What are three kinds of Coastal Ecosystems?

A

Estuaries; Salt Marshes; and Sea Grasses

29
Q

What are the characteristic of a Coastal Ecosystem?

A

It is a region from the shore to the continental shelf; lots of nutrients; lots of photosynthetic organisms; high diversity

30
Q

What is a Mangrove Swamp?

A

It is a tropical swamp dominated by mangrove trees

31
Q

What is special about Mangrove Trees?

A

Their roots filter salt out of water before it enters the plant and can be out of the water to take oxygen straight from the air. The tangled roots provide great hiding spots

32
Q

What is the term for plants that take oxygen directly from the air?

A

pneumataphores

33
Q

What is a salt marsh?

A

Dominated by salt tolerant plants (halophytes)

34
Q

What do you call a salt tolerant plant?

A

A halophyte

35
Q

What do Pickleweed have?

A

They have sacrificial leaves to get rid of salt

36
Q

What are Sea Grasses?

A

Underwater pastures of flowering grass

37
Q

Who eats from the Sea Grasses?

A

Manatees and Turtles

38
Q

What are some kinds of Oceanic Zones?

A

Photic Zone (Sunlight); Abyssal Zone (thermal vents); Hadal Zone (less explored than Moon)

39
Q

What kind of organisms are in the Abyssal Zone?

A

Aphotic organisms

40
Q

What does aphotic mean?

A

Means no photosynthesizing plants, protists, or bacteria

41
Q

How cold is the Abyssal Zone?

A

About 2degrees celcius

42
Q

What is Marine Snow?

A

Small particles of biomass that sink from the surface tot he bottom

43
Q

What is it like in the Abyssal Zone?

A

There is low productivity because there is no sunlight, and the populations are low. However there is high biodiversity

44
Q

what are the 7 characteristics of life?

A 
respire
1 or more cells
maintain homeostasis 
reproduce
use energy 
react to stimuli 
grow and develop
45
Q

what is ecology?

A

the study of ecosystems

46
Q

what is the “makeup” of living things?

A 
cells
tissue
organs 
organ systems 
organism
47
Q

what is a population?

A

a group of the same species of organisms

48
Q

what is an ecosystem?

A

community and its interactions with the environment

49
Q

is the environment biotic or abiotic?

A

abiotic

50
Q

what is a biome?

A

large geographical region with a distinct climate

51
Q

what is a biosphere?

A

it is Earth(contains all biomes)

52
Q

what 2 main factors contribute heavily to productivity in an aquatic biome?

A

water depth and nutrients

53
Q

what is equal to NPP?

A

GPP-R

54
Q

nutrients _____ through ecosystems because of ________

A

nutrient cycle through an ecosystem because of decomposition

55
Q

what is the order of Linnaean Classification from largest to smallest?

A 
domain 
kingdom
phylum 
class
order
family
genus
species
56
Q

organisms in the kingdom Protista belong to what domain?

A

Eukarya

57
Q

what are the three domain systems?

A

Bacteria
archaea
Eukarya

58
Q

why are the six kingdom systems?

A

bacteria
archaea
Eukarya(Protista;plantae; fungi; animalia

59
Q

How to write Binomial Nomenclature?

A

Genus + Species

Honors Biology 1 (22 decks)

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