MS2-MS6 Flashcards
What is another name for a producer?
Autotroph
What is a producer?
Organism that gets their energy from an abiotic source, usually the sun
What is the rule about energy transfer between Tropic levels?
About 10% is transferred and stored from one Trophic level to the next
What is Net Primary Productivity?
amount of energy capture by producers, what they use for their own metabolic processes
What is Gross Primary Productivity?
Gross amount of energy captured and stored by producers; subtract metabolic process energy from this to get NPP
Two things required for high NPP?
Sunlight and Water!
What does it mean that energy flows through an ecosystem?
Energy is gradually lost as heat as it goes from one Trophic level to the next.
How much matter and nutrients do we have? So what must happen?
A finite amount, so we must recycle them by things like decomposers
What do nutrients do in an Ecosystem?
Nutrients cycle through an ecosystem, one to the next to the next repeat
How much of Earth’s surface is water?
75% of Earth’s surface is water. 97% of that is marine, only 3% is freshwater
What contributes to productivity in an aquatic ecosystem?
Sunlight; Nutrients; human activity(fertilizer runoff)
What are two kinds of lakes?
Temperate and tropical lakes
What is the difference between temperate and tropical lakes?
Temperate lakes have significantly more organisms than tropical lakes because of Seasonal turnover, occurring only in temperate lakes
What is Seasonal Turnover?
Seasonal Turnover is the changes of temperature between seasons causing nutrients to cycle between depths in the lake
What is Eutrophication?
It is an overload of nutrients from fertilizer runoff causing over productivity
What happens because of Eutrophication?
Algae die, sinking to the bottom where an increased decomposition level causes a depletion in the oxygen levels killing other organisms, releasing sulfur (Algal Blooms)
What are rivers?
Moving freshwater banked by land
Where do rivers originate from?
Usually from snow or icemelts
Where are rivers the coldest and contain the most oxygen?
At the source
Where do rivers end up?
Empty into oceans or lakes
What is a wetland?
Standing shallow water with submerged land
What do wetlands?
Naturally filter water and provide storm buffers
What is a Marsh?
A marsh is dominated by grass
What is a Swamp?
A swamp is dominated by trees
What is a bog?
Very acidic and very low oxygen levels
What is an estuary?
A region where a river empties into the ocean, with brackish water and salinity tolerant organisms. It has high productivity and biodiversity, and acts as a nursery for juvenile organisms
What is brackish water?
Water that has more salt than freshwater but less than saltwater
What are three kinds of Coastal Ecosystems?
Estuaries; Salt Marshes; and Sea Grasses
What are the characteristic of a Coastal Ecosystem?
It is a region from the shore to the continental shelf; lots of nutrients; lots of photosynthetic organisms; high diversity
What is a Mangrove Swamp?
It is a tropical swamp dominated by mangrove trees
What is special about Mangrove Trees?
Their roots filter salt out of water before it enters the plant and can be out of the water to take oxygen straight from the air. The tangled roots provide great hiding spots
What is the term for plants that take oxygen directly from the air?
pneumataphores
What is a salt marsh?
Dominated by salt tolerant plants (halophytes)
What do you call a salt tolerant plant?
A halophyte
What do Pickleweed have?
They have sacrificial leaves to get rid of salt
What are Sea Grasses?
Underwater pastures of flowering grass
Who eats from the Sea Grasses?
Manatees and Turtles
What are some kinds of Oceanic Zones?
Photic Zone (Sunlight); Abyssal Zone (thermal vents); Hadal Zone (less explored than Moon)
What kind of organisms are in the Abyssal Zone?
Aphotic organisms
What does aphotic mean?
Means no photosynthesizing plants, protists, or bacteria
How cold is the Abyssal Zone?
About 2degrees celcius
What is Marine Snow?
Small particles of biomass that sink from the surface tot he bottom
What is it like in the Abyssal Zone?
There is low productivity because there is no sunlight, and the populations are low. However there is high biodiversity
what are the 7 characteristics of life?
respire 1 or more cells maintain homeostasis reproduce use energy react to stimuli grow and develop
what is ecology?
the study of ecosystems
what is the “makeup” of living things?
cells tissue organs organ systems organism
what is a population?
a group of the same species of organisms
what is an ecosystem?
community and its interactions with the environment
is the environment biotic or abiotic?
abiotic
what is a biome?
large geographical region with a distinct climate
what is a biosphere?
it is Earth(contains all biomes)
what 2 main factors contribute heavily to productivity in an aquatic biome?
water depth and nutrients
what is equal to NPP?
GPP-R
nutrients _____ through ecosystems because of ________
nutrient cycle through an ecosystem because of decomposition
what is the order of Linnaean Classification from largest to smallest?
domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species
organisms in the kingdom Protista belong to what domain?
Eukarya
what are the three domain systems?
Bacteria
archaea
Eukarya
why are the six kingdom systems?
bacteria
archaea
Eukarya(Protista;plantae; fungi; animalia
How to write Binomial Nomenclature?
Genus + Species
