Ms80-84 unit test + flower dissection lab Flashcards
what did the Miller-Urey experiment conclude?
that minerals from hydrothermal vents could build organic molecules
why did life most likely evolve in deep sea ecosystems?
protected from UV rays
atmosphere was too hot/ harsh
minerals could build organic molecules
who was the first organism?
Archaeans
oldest known full fossils?
cyanobacteria
many of Archaeans are what?
extremophiles
when did Earth form?
4.6 bya
when was the origin of life with Archaeans?
3.8 bya
when does photosynthesis evolve with cyanobacteria?
3.5 bya
when does atmospheric oxygen increase drastically? (1%-21%)
2.7 bya
when were the first eukaryotic cells?
2.2 bya
when was the first simple multicellular organisms?
2.1 bya
when do non-vascular plants colonize land?
475 mya
when was the first flowering plant?
130 mya
what attracts pollinators?
petals
what protects the flower when it is a bud?
sepals
what is the female reproductive system of a flower?
pistil
what is a long stock as well as the sticky end attached to it?
style
stigma
where does pollen travel?
to the ovary
what does the ovary contain?
ovules
what is the male reproductive system of a flower?
stamen
what is the stamen made up of and what does it support? What does that do?
filament
anther; produces pollen
how did life begin?
with Abiogenesis
what is Abiogenesis?
organic molecules formed in oceans–> “primordial soup” from which first cells formed
what are the organic molecules made in the Miller-Urey experiment?
amino acids—> proteins
what is the evidence for Anaerobic Heterotroph Hypothesis?
many Archaeans are anaerobic heterotrophs
primordial soup
what is the evidence for Chemosynthesis Hypothesis?
many Archaeans are chemosynthetic autotrophs
hydrothermal vents
what were the first photosynthetic organisms?
cyanobacteria
why is fossilization tricky?
tough to preserve soft tissues
most are eaten/decay
only sedimentary rock
what are there in the fossil record?
gaps
how are fossils’ age determined?
measurement of isotopes which decay over predictable amounts of time
what does a virus require a host for?
reproduction
homeostasis
metabolism
is a virus living?
no!
are viruses cellular?
no!
what is a virus?
a non-cellular infectious particle
how are viruses categorized
shape
host type
symptoms
genetic material
2 hypothesis for how viruses cam to be?
stepping stone between macromolecules and first cells
regressive evolution
what is a vaccine?
inactive form of a virus injected to build up an antibody
what is vaccine immunity called?
gained immunity
what kind of virus is HIV and what does that mean it does?
it is a retrovirus, meaning it uses Reverse Transcriptase to produce DNA from its RNA
what makes HIV so hard to fight?
kills cells that fight it off
constantly mutates
what does HIV lead to?
AIDS; suppressed immune system
what are the domains and kingdoms(of them what is order?)?
Bacteria; Archaea; Eukarya
Bacteria; Archaea; protista; fungi; plantae; animalia
what are 2 mutualistic fungal relationships?
Lichen (fungus and green algae)
Mycorrhizae (fungal hyphae and plant roots)
what is a protist?
anything that does not fit in the other kingdoms
how are protists often grouped?
by food source (autotroph, heterotroph, decomposer)
what does Protozoa mean?
First Animal
what is the range of mobility in Protozoa?
flagellum
cilia
pseudopodia
many protists are what/ examples?
parasitic and/or pathogenic
Malaria and Red Tide
what makes up 25% of Earth’s photosynthetic biomass?
diatoms
what kind of heterotrophs are fungus-like molds/mildews?
Absorptive Heterotroph
where are the spores on a Mushroom
gills
what sexual reproduction is most common in Plantae?
spore production
what does the cuticle of a leaf do?
keeps in moisture as well as keeps it out
what doe the Stomata and Stomata crypts allow for?
gas exchange
what does it mean to be vascular?
has a system of tubes- roots and shoots
phylum order of evolutionary time?
Bryophytes
Pteridophytes
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
evolution at Bryophytes?
cuticles
evolution at Pteridophytes?
vascular system
evolution at Gymnosperms?
seeds
pollen
evolution at Angiosperms?
flowers
fruits
what are the two main alternating stages in the life cycle of a plant?
sporophyte
gametophyte
what happens during gametophyte?
multicellular haploid, produces gametes
what happens during sporophyte?
multicellular diploid, produces spores
two sperm travel to the ovule. Why?
one fertilizes the egg to form a zygote
one fertilizes the large central cell to produce 3n endosperm for a lunchbox
what are seeds?
double fertilized ovule (embryo/ endosperm)
what is fruit?
ripened ovary encasing seeds
