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Honors Biology 1 > Ms80-84 unit test + flower dissection lab > Flashcards

Ms80-84 unit test + flower dissection lab Flashcards

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1
Q

what did the Miller-Urey experiment conclude?

A

that minerals from hydrothermal vents could build organic molecules

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2
Q

why did life most likely evolve in deep sea ecosystems?

A

protected from UV rays
atmosphere was too hot/ harsh
minerals could build organic molecules

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3
Q

who was the first organism?

A

Archaeans

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4
Q

oldest known full fossils?

A

cyanobacteria

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5
Q

many of Archaeans are what?

A

extremophiles

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6
Q

when did Earth form?

A

4.6 bya

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7
Q

when was the origin of life with Archaeans?

A

3.8 bya

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8
Q

when does photosynthesis evolve with cyanobacteria?

A

3.5 bya

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9
Q

when does atmospheric oxygen increase drastically? (1%-21%)

A

2.7 bya

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10
Q

when were the first eukaryotic cells?

A

2.2 bya

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11
Q

when was the first simple multicellular organisms?

A

2.1 bya

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12
Q

when do non-vascular plants colonize land?

A

475 mya

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13
Q

when was the first flowering plant?

A

130 mya

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14
Q

what attracts pollinators?

A

petals

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15
Q

what protects the flower when it is a bud?

A

sepals

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16
Q

what is the female reproductive system of a flower?

A

pistil

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17
Q

what is a long stock as well as the sticky end attached to it?

A

style

stigma

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18
Q

where does pollen travel?

A

to the ovary

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19
Q

what does the ovary contain?

A

ovules

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20
Q

what is the male reproductive system of a flower?

A

stamen

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21
Q

what is the stamen made up of and what does it support? What does that do?

A

filament

anther; produces pollen

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22
Q

how did life begin?

A

with Abiogenesis

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23
Q

what is Abiogenesis?

A

organic molecules formed in oceans–> “primordial soup” from which first cells formed

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24
Q

what are the organic molecules made in the Miller-Urey experiment?

A

amino acids—> proteins

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25
Q

what is the evidence for Anaerobic Heterotroph Hypothesis?

A

many Archaeans are anaerobic heterotrophs

primordial soup

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26
Q

what is the evidence for Chemosynthesis Hypothesis?

A

many Archaeans are chemosynthetic autotrophs

hydrothermal vents

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27
Q

what were the first photosynthetic organisms?

A

cyanobacteria

28
Q

why is fossilization tricky?

A

tough to preserve soft tissues
most are eaten/decay
only sedimentary rock

29
Q

what are there in the fossil record?

A

gaps

30
Q

how are fossils’ age determined?

A

measurement of isotopes which decay over predictable amounts of time

31
Q

what does a virus require a host for?

A

reproduction
homeostasis
metabolism

32
Q

is a virus living?

A

no!

33
Q

are viruses cellular?

A

no!

34
Q

what is a virus?

A

a non-cellular infectious particle

35
Q

how are viruses categorized

A

shape
host type
symptoms
genetic material

36
Q

2 hypothesis for how viruses cam to be?

A

stepping stone between macromolecules and first cells

regressive evolution

37
Q

what is a vaccine?

A

inactive form of a virus injected to build up an antibody

38
Q

what is vaccine immunity called?

A

gained immunity

39
Q

what kind of virus is HIV and what does that mean it does?

A

it is a retrovirus, meaning it uses Reverse Transcriptase to produce DNA from its RNA

40
Q

what makes HIV so hard to fight?

A

kills cells that fight it off

constantly mutates

41
Q

what does HIV lead to?

A

AIDS; suppressed immune system

42
Q

what are the domains and kingdoms(of them what is order?)?

A

Bacteria; Archaea; Eukarya

Bacteria; Archaea; protista; fungi; plantae; animalia

43
Q

what are 2 mutualistic fungal relationships?

A

Lichen (fungus and green algae)

Mycorrhizae (fungal hyphae and plant roots)

44
Q

what is a protist?

A

anything that does not fit in the other kingdoms

45
Q

how are protists often grouped?

A

by food source (autotroph, heterotroph, decomposer)

46
Q

what does Protozoa mean?

A

First Animal

47
Q

what is the range of mobility in Protozoa?

A

flagellum
cilia
pseudopodia

48
Q

many protists are what/ examples?

A

parasitic and/or pathogenic

Malaria and Red Tide

49
Q

what makes up 25% of Earth’s photosynthetic biomass?

A

diatoms

50
Q

what kind of heterotrophs are fungus-like molds/mildews?

A

Absorptive Heterotroph

51
Q

where are the spores on a Mushroom

A

gills

52
Q

what sexual reproduction is most common in Plantae?

A

spore production

53
Q

what does the cuticle of a leaf do?

A

keeps in moisture as well as keeps it out

54
Q

what doe the Stomata and Stomata crypts allow for?

A

gas exchange

55
Q

what does it mean to be vascular?

A

has a system of tubes- roots and shoots

56
Q

phylum order of evolutionary time?

A

Bryophytes
Pteridophytes
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms

57
Q

evolution at Bryophytes?

A

cuticles

58
Q

evolution at Pteridophytes?

A

vascular system

59
Q

evolution at Gymnosperms?

A

seeds

pollen

60
Q

evolution at Angiosperms?

A

flowers

fruits

61
Q

what are the two main alternating stages in the life cycle of a plant?

A

sporophyte

gametophyte

62
Q

what happens during gametophyte?

A

multicellular haploid, produces gametes

63
Q

what happens during sporophyte?

A

multicellular diploid, produces spores

64
Q

two sperm travel to the ovule. Why?

A

one fertilizes the egg to form a zygote

one fertilizes the large central cell to produce 3n endosperm for a lunchbox

65
Q

what are seeds?

A

double fertilized ovule (embryo/ endosperm)

66
Q

what is fruit?

A

ripened ovary encasing seeds

Honors Biology 1 (22 decks)

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