Mrs.englard Industrial Revolution And Imperialism Flashcards
What was the industrial revolution?
It was the change from producing goods by hand to producing goods with machines in factories.
Where did the industrial revolution begin?
It started in Great Britain (England) because it had many natural resources (coal, iron, tin, lead, waterways) that are necessary to produce and transport goods. It had favorable geography
What were the main effects of the industrial revolution
Industrialization (machines were used to produce goods in factories), urbanization (the growth of cities. People cane to urban areas to get jobs in factories. Many cities had servers pollution from the smoke), bad working conditions (Long hours, low pay, and child labor), formation of labor unions (formed organizations of workers that fought to improve working conditions and pay), and legislation (government eventually passes laws to set minimum wages and end child labor
Who is Adam Smith
He wrote the wealth of nations about capitalism
What is capitalism?
Form of business in which profits from one projects are reinvested in other projects in order to make more money
What is the laissez faire capitalism(market economy)
This was the economic system that was used during the industrial revolution that is still used today it is based around the ideas that business and factories should be owned by individuals(not government and government should not interfere) prices should be set by individual
Who are Karl Marx and friedrich Engels
These two men believed that laissez faire capitalism was bad. They argued that it allowed greedy factory owners to take advantage of poor factory workers. They wrote a book called the communist manifesto. Their ideas became the foundation of communism and countries that became communist like the soviet union and china were inspired by their writing
What did the communist manifesto say?
All of history has been about class struggles (haves vs have nots), during the industrial revolution, wealthy and greedy factory owners (bourgeoisie) we’re taking advantage of the poor factory workers (the proletariat) to earn money. The proletariat should rise up and overthrow the bourgeois’s in a violent revolution and eliminate capitalism the proletariat could create a new society to work in with equal wealth
What was the potato famine?
1845-1850 about 1 million Irish people died of famine(starvation) when the potato crop failed to grow. Over a million Irish people migrated to the United States to escape the famine and find more opportunities
What is imperialism/colonization
It is when a strong country conquers and takes over a weaker country. The area that is taken over is known as a colony.
What is mercantilism?
The belief that the role of the colonist was to serve the mother country
How did imperialism occur in the 19th century?
Many European nations (also called the western nations) such as Great Britain, France, Germany, and Italy took over lands throughout Africa and Asia
What were the causes of imperialism in Africa and Asia?
Europeans wanted raw materials/natural resources (like coal, tin, oil) in order to make goods in factories, white mans burden racist poem that encouraged them to civilize the people, and social Darwinism and idea for stronger countries to take over weaker countries
What were the effects of imperialism in India and Africa?
Scramble for Africa- over 90% of Africa was taken over by European countries. India was taken over by Great Britain/England and was ruled for almost 200 yrs. The people of Africa and Asia did not like being ruled by European nations and as a result, they fought many wars to kick out the Europeans to gain independence. Sepoy Mutiny was the rebellion in India where they tried but failed to be independent of Great Britain
How was Japan from 1600-1854
They were largely isolated and wanted little contact with the rest of the world
What did Commodore Matthew Perry do in 1854?
Commodore Matthew Perry of the United states sailed into Japan in order to open up the country to trade. We wanted to do business with Japan
What was the Meiji Restoration?
This was a period in Japanese history when Japan was ruled by Emperor Meiji. During this period, Japan began a rapid program of modernization and westernization.
What was the modernization of Japan?
Japan industrialized (built factories, machines, roads, communications)
What was the westernization of Japan?
Japan adopted the customs and techniques of Western countries (Europe and the United States) Japan change its government, military, education system, and technology to make it more like those of Europe and he United States
What was the Japanese imperialism?
Now that Japanese had factories it needed natural resources/raw materials (like coal, tin, iron, and lead) to make products. Since they had very few natural resources of its own, they took over Korea and part of China to gain these resources.
What were the effects of imperialism on China
After the British began smuggling Opium into China and the Chinese fought back in the famous Opium Wars. After being defeated China carved up into spheres of influence (Areas controlled by different European nations).The Boxer rebellion is where the Chinese tried but failed to gain independence from the various European nations that controlled them
