Englard Latin American and Nationalism Quiz Flashcards
What is Nationalism
extreme loyalty, love and devotion towards one’s country and the belief that every culture should have its own land
It could either unite people or push people away from each other
It usually develops in areas where people share a common language, culture, and history
What is colonialism
The policy of a stronger country taking over a weaker country and occupying it with settlers and exploiting (using) it economically
Who is Gioseppe Mazzini
His goal was to bring together all the Italian lands to one independent country and inspired others to fight
Who is Camillo Cavour
Prime minister of Sardivia and fought with Austria to take back Italian lands in the north
Who is Gioseppe Garibaldi
Leader of the red shirts army and faught to free up land in the south
Who is Otto Van Bisinark
Prime minister/chancellor of Prussia and he was known as a real realputlitik. He believed in practical politics opposed to idealism. Argued that Germany could unify through a foreign policy called “Blood and Iron” meaning through (3)war and military strength.
What was the encomienda system?
A labor system in which the Native Americans were forced to work on Spanish farming plantations (growing sugar) and in Spanish mines (getting gold and silver). Spanish landowners had total control over the Native Americans
Who were the Peninsulares?
They controlled the government and they are people born in Spain and Portugal who treated the people of Latin America poorly
Who were the Creoles?
Europeans born in Latin America who demanded more rights
Who were the Mestizos?
People of mixed Native American and European who demanded more rights
Who were the Mulattoes?
Native Americans and African slaves demanded more rights
Why did people start a revolution?
The colonies were ruled by dictators and best products had to be sent to Spain. The colonists were also forced to produce cash crops and colonies could only trade with Spain. The non spanish people were also treated badly and they were influenced by enlightment philosophies and the success of the American and French revolution
Who was Simon Bolivar
A creole from Venezuela. He led the South American Independent movement together with the help of Jose San Martin
Who was Jose San Martin
He liberated the lands that are now called Venezuela, Peru, Columbia, Chile, Argentina, Ecuador and Panama.
He was called the liberator of South America and Brazil was not included because they’re under the Portugese
Who is Father Miguel Hidalgo
On September 16, 1810 he rang the church bells (el grito de dolores- the cry of Dolores) to gain peoples attention and give a speech and was joined by Father Jose Morelos. September 16th became Mexico’s Independence day
What is realpolitik
it is a way of making political decisions based on being practical instead of based on ideals.
What was the Latin American Revolutions?
It was the events where the colonies of Latin America (Central America, South America, and the Caribbean) fought to gain independence from Spain, Portugal, and France
What were Simon Bolivar, Jose de San Martin, Miguel Hidalgo, and Toussaint L’Ouverture’s impact on the Latin American revolution?
They were all considered nationalists since they loved their nations and wanted to free them from European control. After gaining independence, attempts were made to unify the different areas of Latin America to form one country. These failed because Latin America has a lot of natural boundaries (Andes Mountains, Amazon Rainforest, etc) that prevented communications between them
The unification of Italy and Germany (1870-1971)
Up until the 1870, both Italy and Germany were NOT yet countries. instead they were areas divided up into many different states which it each had its own government.
How did Italy and Germany unite?
Due to the feelings of nationalism, the Italian speaking people of Italy wanted to combine their separate states to form one united nation with one government. It was the same for Germany
Unification of Italy
Italy successfully combined its separate states to form one united nation with one government in 1870 this was thanks to Giuseppe Garibaldi, Giuseppe Mazzini, and Count Camillo di Cavour
Unification of Germany
Germany successfully combined its separated states to form one united nation in 1871 due to Otto von Bismarck
Nationalism in Austria Hungary and the Ottoman Empire
Austria Hungary and the Ottoman Empire were both large empires that ruled over many diverse ethnic groups. Due to feelings of nationalism the different ethnic groups wanted to gain independence and form their own nations. They were eventually broken up due to nationalist movements by these different groups
Who took over Ireland during 1801
Great Britain (England). Due to the feeling of nationalism many people in Ireland did not want to be ruled by them and they wanted to be independent. During 1921 Southern Ireland (mostly catholic) gained independence and most of Northern Ireland (Mostly protestant) remained part of them.
What potato famine?
1845-1850 About 1 million Irish people died of famine (starvation) hen the potato crop failed to grow and over 1 million Irish people migrated to the United States to escape the famine and find more opportunities.
