Mazza/Paulino Test #3

Question 1

Do volcanoes occur where earthquakes occur?

Answer 1

sometimes. Volcanoes and earthquakes usually occur at the coastline or near the water and most earthquakes appear on land than on water.

Question 2

Where do new oceanic crust form?

Answer 2

They form at Mid-ocean ridges

Question 3

How would you compare the oceanic plate and continental plates with their density and size

Answer 3

The continental plate is thicker and less dense than the oceanic plate

Question 4

What are trenches?

Answer 4

It is the zone where an oceanic plate sinks beneath another plate. (deepest part of the ocean)

Question 5

What are mid ocean ridges?

Answer 5

Mountain chain located in the middle of ocean. It’s an example of divergent boundaries and seafloor is formed. The mid-ocean ridges have the youngest rock, and the ocean floor gets older, as you move toward the continents.spreading occurs where the new ocean floor

Question 6

What is the hottest layer that is solid metal and the densest layer?

Answer 6

The Inner core

Question 7

What zone does the P wave travel the fastest through?

Answer 7

The MOHO layer

Question 8

What causes tectonic plate movement

Answer 8

Convection currents

Question 9

What are hot spots?

Answer 9

They create island chains in the middle of tectonic plates

Question 10

What is the epicenter?

Answer 10

Point on earth’s surface directly above the earthquake

Question 11

What is the focus?

Answer 11

Point in which the earth first moves creating a earthquake

Question 12

What are plate tectonics?

Answer 12

A theory that states earth’s surface is composed of a number of rigid but moving parts

Question 13

Where are the oldest ocean crusts formed?

Answer 13

Pacific and Atlanic ocean

Question 14

What are divergent boundaries?

Answer 14

Where two plates pull apart

Question 15

What are convergent boundaries?

Answer 15

Where two plates collide

Question 16

What are transform boundaries?

Answer 16

Where two plates slide past each other

Question 17

What are the three types of convergent boundaries?

Answer 17

Two oceanic plates colliding(older O submerge under young O), two continental plates colliding(both dont submerge instead they push each other up or sideways), and an oceanic and continental plate collide(O submerge under C).

Question 18

What have Seismic studies of the Moon help scientists to make inferences about?

Answer 18

the moons interior

Question 19

Where do most of the basalt that forms island arcs comes from?

Answer 19

the astenosphere (plastic mantle)

Question 20

Which cross section best represents the relative locations of Earth’s asthenosphere, rigid mantle, and stiffer mantle? (The cross sections are not drawn to scale.)

Answer 20

rigid mantle, astenosphere, then stiffer mantle

Question 21

What is the earth’s outer core and inner core both

inferred to be?

Answer 21

composed of a high percentage of iron

Question 22

Which tectonic movement of Earth’s crust is most likely responsible for the East African Rift Valley in Africa.

Answer 22

divergence of continental crust

Question 23

What is the difference between P waves and S waves

Answer 23

S-waves are absorbed by the Earth’s outer liquid core, meaning they do not travel to the other side. P-waves travel through allmatter, and therefore will reach the other side of Earth.

Question 24

How do scientists infer about the earths layers?

Answer 24

they study seismic data. Seismic waves refract at each layer, meaning they change direction and also speed (speed and direction together is a vector)

Question 25

How do we know for sure that the earth’s crust is in motion?

Answer 25

There are evidence of marine fossils found high on mountains through crustal uplift and also displaced rock that has been faulted.

Question 26

What are magnetic reversals?

Answer 26

The Earth’s magnetic field created by the North and South Poles is recorded in the orientation of iron in rock when the rock is formed. Rock record of the ocean floor shows that the Earth’s poles have reversed over the course of the Earth’s history, showing alternating strips of ‘+’ and ‘-‘ (plus and minus) in the iron in the ocean-floor rock.

Question 27

What are P and S waves?

Answer 27

Primary and shear waves