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Grade 10 Sophomore > Coker astronomy part 1 > Flashcards

Coker astronomy part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the universe?

A

It is everything: all matter, energy, and space

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2
Q

What is the Big Bang theory?

A

It explains the origin of the Universe. It states that the Universe begins extremely small, hot, a dense point called a singularity and then it expanded to what we know today

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3
Q

What supports the Big bang theory?

A

The light emitted by most galaxies, the redshift, which means the galaxies are moving away and the Universe is expanding. If u go backward in time the Universe was smaller. There is also faint cosmic background radiation in forms of microwave energy. We believe this is left-over radiation from the Big bang

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4
Q

What makes up a galaxy?

A

A cluster of billions of stars held together by gravity. They are classified according to their shape: spiral, elliptical, and irregular. Our solar system lies int he Milky Way Galaxy

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5
Q

What is a star?

A

A massive ball of gas that creates its own energy through the power of nuclear fusion.

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6
Q

What is nuclear fusion?

A

It is a reaction in which the lighter element combine to form heavier elements while releasing a lot of energy during the process

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7
Q

What affects the star’s life-cycle and characteristics?

A

It depends on the mass. High mass stars are hotter, live shorter lives, and have a more violent death. Low mass stars are cooler, live longer lives, and have quiet deaths

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8
Q

How is the sun’s life?

A

It is an average mass star, middle-aged and in the middle sequence, meaning it’s in the active part of its life. It is currently fusing Hydrogen into helium.

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9
Q

What is the Doppler effect?

A

Waves will compress as they move towards you, increasing the apparent frequency. Waves will spread apart as they move away from you, decreasing the apparent frequency

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10
Q

What is the redshift?

A

It is when the light waves are coming from an object traveling away you have longer wavelengths. Red light wave have longer wavelengths

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11
Q

What is the blueshift?

A

It is when the light waves are coming from an object traveling towards you, you have shorter wavelengths. Blue light waves have shorter wavelengths

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12
Q

What is a spectra?

A

Star absorption spectra are a band of visible light scientist use to determine the composition of stars. Each element creates black lines on the absorption spectra. The black line moves when the object is moving towards or away from you

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13
Q

What is Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMR)

A

Faint microwave radiation coming from every direction that originated from the big bang.

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14
Q

What is an elliptical galaxy

A

A ball-shaped collection of stars. They’re the smallest and largest galaxies and contains old, yellow, and red stars

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15
Q

What is a spiral galaxy

A

A flattened disk of stars, gas, and dust orbiting a central nucleus. There are old, red, and yellow stars at the center. The young stars are blue and white stars make up the arms

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16
Q

What makes up the Milky Way galaxy (spiral galaxy)

A

It contains approximately 200 billion stars. It is 100,000 light years from end to end. Our sun is located 25,000 light years from the center. Our sun is about .25 of the way through the galaxy. There is a supermassive black hole in the center

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17
Q

Why do the spiral arms form in spiral galaxies?

A

Differentiated rotation stars move at different speeds depending on where they are in the disk

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18
Q

What is an irregular galaxy?

A

They have no regular shape and they may be young. They may have been torn apart by collision or gravity from a neighboring galaxy

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19
Q

What is the star’s movement as a low mass (Red dwarf)

A

To the White dwarf

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20
Q

What is the star’s movement as an average mass (sun-sized)

A

To the giants to the white dwarf

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21
Q

What is the star’s movement as a high mass

A

To the supergiant then the black holes or neutron stars

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22
Q

What is the geocentric model?

A

The Earth was in the center of the solar system and everything revolved around the Earth

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23
Q

What is the Heliocentric model?

A

The sun is the center while the planets revolve around the sun. This is accepted today

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24
Q

What is the satellite?

A

Any object that orbits or revolves around another object

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25
Q

What is the sun’s satellite?

A

Planets, asteroids, comets, and meteoroids

26
Q

What is the Earth’s satellite?

A

The moon and the Earth revolves the sun directly.

27
Q

What is a planet?

A

A large spherical object that orbits the sun and has cleared its orbit of any other object. Planetary orbits are elliptical (Pluto isn’t a planet anymore because it hasn’t cleared its orbit even though its spherical and orbits the sub

28
Q

What is a Moon?

A

Any body that orbits a planet or asteroid as those objects orbit the sun

29
Q

What are the terrestrial planets?

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars

30
Q

What is a terrestrial planet?

A

They are rocky, solid, and planets in the inner solar system. They are small, high density, closer to the sun, and have a short period of revolution

31
Q

What are the Jovian planets?

A

Uranus, Neptune, Saturn, and Jupiter

32
Q

What is a Jovian planet?

A

They’re giant, gas/ice like planets, gaseous, and are part of the outer solar space. They have a lower density, farther from the sun, and have a low period of revolution

33
Q

What is gravity?

A

The attraction between any two objects. The more mass= more gravity which the closer the two objects the more gravity there is

34
Q

What is an orbit?

A

The path of an object around the sun

35
Q

What is Perihelion?

A

Point in the orbit nearest to the sun. It has more gravitational attraction, planets move faster in its orbit (closer to the sun Jan 3rd)

36
Q

What is Aphelion?

A

Point in orbit farthest from the sun. There is a less gravitational attraction and the planet moves slower in its orbit (July 4th is when its farthest)

37
Q

What is an ellipse?

A

An oval, an elongated circle with two centers called foci. All planets have elliptical orbits

38
Q

What is a foci?

A

The central points of an ellipse. The sun is always located at one of the foci

39
Q

What is the major axis?

A

The longest straight line distance across an eclipse. It passes through the foci

40
Q

What is eccentricity?

A

The degree of flatness or “ovalness” of an eclipse

41
Q

How are ellipse and eccentricity related?

A

The less elliptical it is the less eccentric it is and the closer to 0 it is. The orbit is closer to a perfect circle. The more elliptical it is the more eccentric it is and the closer to 1 it is. It’s more of a flatter oval

42
Q

What is the equation for eccentricity?

A

The distance between foci (d)/ length of the major axis (L) The number should not be greater than 1
d/L

43
Q

What is waxing?

A

Moon phases when the illuminated portion grows right side is illuminated

44
Q

What is waning?

A

Moon phases when illuminated portion shrinks left side is illuminated

45
Q

What is the moon’s period of revolution and rotation?

A

27.3 days

46
Q

Why does the same side of the moon always face the Earth?

A

The Moon’s period of rotation is the same as its period of revolution

47
Q

What is the order of the moon phases?

A

New moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent

48
Q

What is the apogee?

A

The moon is further and appears smaller

49
Q

What is perigee?

A

The moon is closer and appears larger

50
Q

What was the formation of the moon?

A

Formed from a collision between Earth and a Mars-sized planet about 4.5 billion years ago

51
Q

What is a super moon?

A

The full moon is closer to the Earth. The orbit of the Moon is an oval. When a perigee moon also happens at the same time the super moon is seen in the night sky

52
Q

What is an eclipse?

A

The blocking of light when a celestial body moves into the shadow of another celestial body

53
Q

What is the Solar eclipse?

A

The new moon is blocking the sunlight from the Earth

54
Q

What is the lunar eclipse?

A

During the full moon where the earth is blocking the sunlight from the moon

55
Q

What is a total eclipse?

A

An eclipse in which the whole disc of the sun or moon is covered. Occurs within the umbra

56
Q

What is a partial eclipse?

A

An eclipse in which part of the disc of the sun or moon is covered. Occurs within the Penumbra

57
Q

Why does the eclipse not occur every month?

A

The moon’s orbit around the Earth is tilted 5 degrees compared to the Earth’s orbit around the sun

58
Q

What is a tide?

A

The cyclic rise and fall of ocean water on Earth caused by the gravitational attraction of the moon and the sun. The moon has a greater effect on the tides because it is closer to the Earth

59
Q

What is a tide cycle?

A

Tides occur in a cyclic and repeatable pattern there are approximately 6 hrs between one high tide and one low tide

60
Q

What is a spring tide?

A

Occur when the Earth, Sun, Moon form a straight line and it results in the highest high tides and the lowest low tides because the gravity from the sun and the moon are pulling along the same line and occurs during the new moon and full moon

61
Q

What is a neap tide?

A

Occur when the Earth, Sun, and Moon form a right angle. This results in the lowest high tides and the highest low tides because the gravity from the sun and moon are pulling in opposite directions. This occurred during the first quarter and third quarter

Grade 10 Sophomore (38 decks)

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