Mazza/Paulino test #4

Question 1

What is the water cycle?

Answer 1

Water moving continuously from the ocean/land to the sky and back

Question 2

What is evaporation?

Answer 2

Liquid water changing to water vapor and rising to the atomosphere

Question 3

What is condensation?

Answer 3

Water vapor changing to liquid and forming clouds

Question 4

What is transpiration?

Answer 4

Evaporation from plants

Question 5

What is precipitation?

Answer 5

rain, sleet, snow, or hail failing down (has to hit the ground. Fog is not precipitation because it is a cloud close to the ground)

Question 6

What is infiltration?

Answer 6

Water sinking into the ground

Question 7

What is runoff?

Answer 7

Water flowing on the ground due to gravity

Question 8

What is evapotranspiration?

Answer 8

Water leaving the surface of earth into the atomosphere its the combination of evaporation and transpiration and determines climate from a ratio of exapotranspiration to precipitation

Question 9

What is the necessary ground conditions for runoff?

Answer 9

Hardscaped (asphalt/concrete) or saturated soil

Question 10

What does saturated mean?

Answer 10

holding as much water to its limit

Question 11

What is the necessary ground condition for infiltration?

Answer 11

unsaturated soil

Question 12

What process does clouds form from?

Answer 12

condensation

Question 13

What two processes do water enter the atmosphere with?

Answer 13

Evaporation and transpiration

Question 14

What is erosion?

Answer 14

Transportatuon of sediments and weathered material driven by gravity. It may act alone or with an agent of erosion

Question 15

What is the most importatn agent of erosion?

Answer 15

Running water is the most important because it carries more sediment than any other agent of erosion does

Question 16

How are sediments affected by the stream during erosion?

Answer 16

Sediments transported by streams tend to become rounded as a result of abrasion. The farther rocks are carried downstream, the more rounded they become.

Question 17

What are some features the influence erosion for running water?

Answer 17

Slope or gradient, speed or velocity, discharge or volume, and channel shape of curvature of the channel

Question 18

What are glaciers?

Answer 18

A large mass of ice that flows over land due to gravity

Question 19

How does glacier erode sediments?

Answer 19

As the ice in a glacier flows downhill it pushes, drags, and carries rocks, soil, and sediment. Sediments along the bottom of the glacier are worn down into angular shapes. Glacial erosional processes include the formation of U-shaped valleys, parallel scratches, and grooves in bedrock

Question 20

How does strong wind erode sediments?

Answer 20

Air is less dense than water, so generally unable to move particles bigger than sand. Wind erosion is most active in places such as deserts and beaches.

Question 21

What are waves caused by?

Answer 21

Waves are caused by wind are also an agent of erosion. They can break solid rock and throw broken pieces against the shore

Question 22

How do waves erode sediments?

Answer 22

Wave action rounds sediments as a result of abrasion. Rocks continually break down until they become sand particles

Question 23

How does gravity erode sediments?

Answer 23

mass movement occurs when the force of gravity is greater than the force of friction (keep weathered sediments from moving)

Question 24

What s mass wasting?

Answer 24

When gravity pulls weathered sediments down steep slopes

Question 25

What are the two different types of mass wasting?

Answer 25

Fast- landslide or mudslide and slow- soil creep or slump

Question 26

What are some factors that affects mass wasting?

Answer 26

Water(moisture), gradient, and temperature

Question 27

What is deposition?

Answer 27

The process in which weathered and eroded material is laid down

Question 28

When does deposition occur and what are some factors that affect deposition?

Answer 28

Occurs when velocity of wind, water, or other erosional system decreases. Factors that affect deposition are size, density and shape

Question 29

How are igneous rocks formed?

Answer 29

They are formed from the cooling and hardening of rock material that was once molten (inside) or lava (outside)

Question 30

What are the two classes of igneous rock?

Answer 30

Intrusive- forms inside (magma) the earth’s surface and cools slowly
extrusice- forms outside (lava) the earth’s surface and cools quickly

Question 31

What are the physical differences between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?

Answer 31

Intrusive rocks form large crystals because they cool at a slower rate
Extrusive rocks form small or no crystals and this is because of volcanic activity or quick cooling magma (may be vesicular;air bubbles)

Question 32

What is texture?

Answer 32

the size of the crystals or grain size

Question 33

What are the two compositions of rocks?

Answer 33

Texture is related to the rate of cooling where coarse texture means a slow cool and a fine or no texture means a quick cool. Color identifies type of elements. Mafic is heavy and dary, light color (has Al-aluminum) densitk (has Fe-iron and Mg-magnesium) and felsic is light

Question 34

What does density represent?

Answer 34

It represents the type of elements present

Question 35

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 35

Formed from accumulated sediments by organic material, weathering and erosion of land rock

Question 36

What are the three groups of sedimentary rocks?

Answer 36

Clastic, chemical and organic

Question 37

What are the clastic sedimentary rocks?

Answer 37

Formed by broken roxk by way of erosion and weathering. When sediments change into rock they lithify (lithosphere) by compaction (spueezing together) and cementation (needs water). All clastic rock is stratified or layer

Question 38

What is stratification?

Answer 38

layers

Question 39

What are chemical sedimentary rocks

Answer 39

Formed by evaporation causing precipiates or evaporates to form. Process is chemical bonding (iconic bonding). Chemical sedimentary rocks are all monomineralic

Question 40

What are organic sedimentary rocks?

Answer 40

Formed from biochemical activity like plants and dead animals. Dead plants and pressure=peat, lignite and pressure=coal, coal and pressure= 3 million years=diamonds, Sedimentary rocks are the only rocks to contain fossils

Question 41

Which agent of erosion are sorted?

Answer 41

Water, wind, and wave are sorted while glaical and gravity are unsorted

Question 42

Which agent of erosion are layered?

Answer 42

Water, wind and wave are layered while glacial and gravity are unlayered

Question 43

Which agent of erosion are organized?

Answer 43

Water, wind and wave are organized while glacial and gravity are unorganzied