movement Flashcards
spherical protein that forms filaments that are involved in cytoskeleton and muscle attachment
actin
myosin
motor protein involved in muscle contraction, converts ATP into mechanical energy
animal movement relies on a fundamental mechanism called ___ proteins that facilitate relaxation and contraction.
contractile
composed of ultrafine fibrils that are arranged to contract when powered by ATP
contractile machinery
what are the three types of animal movement
-ameboid movement
-ciliary and flagellar movement
-muscular movement
ameboid movement
amoeboid cells change shape by extending and withdrawing pseudopodia (false feet)
during amoeboid movement, ___ and ___ filaments are assembled and disassembled to push the cell membrane forward, with the cytoplasm following
actin and myosin
occurs in macrophages, white blood cells, some embryonic and cancer cells, typically found in amoebas and unicellular forms
amoeboid movement
ciliary and flagellar movement do not use
actin and myosin
ciliary and flagellar movement are found in all animals except
nematodes and arthropods
minute, hair-like motile processes that extend from surfaces of animal cells
cilia
function of cilia
-to move whole unicellular organisms
-propel fluids and materials across larger animals
cilia have a stroke in __ direction and water is propelled ___ to the cell surface
-one
-parallel
whip like structures and usually present in very small numbers or single
flagella
flagella beating pattern:
beat symmetrically, water is propelled parallel to its length
skeletal muscle
striated muscles with alternating dark and light bands, multinucleated
muscle fibers:
long cylindrical cells that are packed in bundles called fascicles enclosed by connective tissue
grouped into a discrete muscle enclosed by another layer of connective tissue
fascicle
are skeletal muscles voluntary?
yes
cardiac muscle
-muscle of the heart
-striated muscle
-involuntary
smooth (visceral) muscle
-lacks striation
-one nucleus
-involuntary
most ___ muscles form sheets, walls of tubes, ducts, and passages
smooth
main function of smooth muscles
-push material through tube
-regulate tube diameter during blood flow or air flow
which muscle is slow acting and can maintain prolonged contractions with little energy use
smooth muscle
