movement

Question 1

spherical protein that forms filaments that are involved in cytoskeleton and muscle attachment

Answer 1

actin

Question 2

myosin

Answer 2

motor protein involved in muscle contraction, converts ATP into mechanical energy

Question 3

animal movement relies on a fundamental mechanism called ___ proteins that facilitate relaxation and contraction.

Answer 3

contractile

Question 4

composed of ultrafine fibrils that are arranged to contract when powered by ATP

Answer 4

contractile machinery

Question 5

what are the three types of animal movement

Answer 5

-ameboid movement
-ciliary and flagellar movement
-muscular movement

Question 6

ameboid movement

Answer 6

amoeboid cells change shape by extending and withdrawing pseudopodia (false feet)

Question 7

during amoeboid movement, ___ and ___ filaments are assembled and disassembled to push the cell membrane forward, with the cytoplasm following

Answer 7

actin and myosin

Question 8

occurs in macrophages, white blood cells, some embryonic and cancer cells, typically found in amoebas and unicellular forms

Answer 8

amoeboid movement

Question 9

ciliary and flagellar movement do not use

Answer 9

actin and myosin

Question 10

ciliary and flagellar movement are found in all animals except

Answer 10

nematodes and arthropods

Question 11

minute, hair-like motile processes that extend from surfaces of animal cells

Answer 11

cilia

Question 12

function of cilia

Answer 12

-to move whole unicellular organisms
-propel fluids and materials across larger animals

Question 13

cilia have a stroke in __ direction and water is propelled ___ to the cell surface

Answer 13

-one
-parallel

Question 14

whip like structures and usually present in very small numbers or single

Answer 14

flagella

Question 15

flagella beating pattern:

Answer 15

beat symmetrically, water is propelled parallel to its length

Question 16

skeletal muscle

Answer 16

striated muscles with alternating dark and light bands, multinucleated

Question 17

muscle fibers:

Answer 17

long cylindrical cells that are packed in bundles called fascicles enclosed by connective tissue

Question 18

grouped into a discrete muscle enclosed by another layer of connective tissue

Answer 18

fascicle

Question 19

are skeletal muscles voluntary?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

cardiac muscle

Answer 20

-muscle of the heart
-striated muscle
-involuntary

Question 21

smooth (visceral) muscle

Answer 21

-lacks striation
-one nucleus
-involuntary

Question 22

most ___ muscles form sheets, walls of tubes, ducts, and passages

Answer 22

smooth

Question 23

main function of smooth muscles

Answer 23

-push material through tube
-regulate tube diameter during blood flow or air flow

Question 24

which muscle is slow acting and can maintain prolonged contractions with little energy use

Answer 24

smooth muscle

Question 25

__ have cell bodies in the CNS and branch through their motor axon to meet terminal points of muscles in the body

Answer 25

motor neurons

Question 26

neuromuscular junction

Answer 26

where motor axon terminates on a muscular fiber

Question 26

neuromuscular junction

Answer 26

where motor axon terminates on a muscular fiber

Question 27

acetylcholine

Answer 27

is released from motor axon and binds to receptor sites on muscle fibers which releases calcium

Question 28

calcium allows ___ and ___ to bind

Answer 28

actin and myosin

Question 29

sarcomere is a ___ unit of the skeletal muscle

Answer 29

functional

Question 30

sarcomeres are made of

Answer 30

-protein complexes z lines
-actin filaments
myosin filaments

Question 31

the __ of myosin filaments act as binding sites for ATP and interact with actin filaments during muscle contraction

Answer 31

head

Question 32

actin filaments are made of

Answer 32

-double helical structure of actin
-tropomyosin and troponin

Question 33

tropomyosin and troponin act as binding proteins and cover ____ binding sites when the muscle is at rest

Answer 33

myosin

Question 34

calcium binds to

Answer 34

-tropomyosin and troponin bindng sites

Question 35

describe the contraction process

Answer 35

-the club shaped heads of the myosin filaments attach, pull and release from the actin filaments
-pulls z line together
-shortens sarcomeres

Question 36

sarcomeres exist in ___ units

Answer 36

large