animal behavior 2

Question 1

any response of one animal to another animal of the same species

Answer 1

social behavior

Question 2

agonistic and competitive behavior include

Answer 2

-aggression
-agonistic behavior
-ritualization
-territoriality

Question 3

offensive physical action or threat to force other to abandon something they own or might obtain

Answer 3

aggression

Question 4

agonistic behavior

Answer 4

broader category including any activity related to fighting

Question 5

animal aggression within a species involves ___ that avoid injury or death

Answer 5

-symbolic or ritualized displays

Question 6

ritualization

Answer 6

behavior that has been modified through evolution to make it effective in serving a communicative function

Question 7

ritualization usually leads to dominance hierarchies:

Answer 7

-victor has access to food, mates, territory
-subordinates have reduced access and use alternative strategies for obtaining food and mates

Question 8

territory

Answer 8

fixed area whose occupants excludes intruders of the same species and sometimes other species

Question 9

most of the time and energy required for territoriality is when the territory is

Answer 9

first established

Question 10

mammals occupy

Answer 10

home ranges

Question 11

individual performs activities that benefit other because such behavior ultimately benefits that individual’s genetic contributions to future generations

Answer 11

cooperative behavior

Question 12

cooperative behavior includes

Answer 12

-altruism
-kin selection theory
-inclusive fitness
-reciprocal altruism

Question 13

altruism

Answer 13

self-sacrifice for the benefit of others in group

Question 14

describe kin selection theory

Answer 14

individuals assist the survival and reproduction of other ind. who possess the same genes by common descent

Question 15

inclusive fitness

Answer 15

relative number of an ind. alleles that are passed on to further generations from one’s own offspring and that of related ind.

Question 16

fitness

Answer 16

measures an animals offspring and increase or decrease in genes shared in the same gene pool

Question 17

organism acts in a manner that temporarily reduces its fitness while increasing another organisms fitness with the expectation that the other organisms will act in a similar manner at a later time

Answer 17

reciprocal altruism

Question 18

what are the benefits of sociality

Answer 18

-social aggregations provide defense
-the more animals there are in a group, the less likely an ind. within the group will be eaten; probability
-sociality brings males and females together and synchronizes reproductive behavior
-cooperation in hunting
-huddling for mutual protection from severe weather
-division of labor
-potential for learning and transmitting useful info and behaviors through society (culture)

Question 19

disadvantages of sociality

Answer 19

-harder to hide in large groups
-large predators need large amounts of food, so they need large territories to hunt in
-parasite/pathogen transmission increases

Question 20

process involving the social transmission of novel behaviors or ideas among peers and generations

Answer 20

culture

Question 21

meme

Answer 21

unit of cultural inheritance