Ch.6 Organic Evolution; Part 2

Question 1

forces that alter allele frequencies in a gene pool

Answer 1

-recurring mutation
-genetic drift
-migration
-natural selection
-interactions of all

Question 2

Any change in nucleotide sequences that effects survival and reproduction

Answer 2

recurring mutation

Question 3

mutation is the source of all _____

Answer 3

genetic variability

Question 4

recurring mutations make impacts on bigger populations that small because __

Answer 4

they are less likely to pass on traits to their offspring

Question 5

single mutations depend on other forces of evolution to increase its ___

Answer 5

frequency

Question 6

what is the force that enforces a random fluctuation in allele frequencies from generation to generation due to finite size?

Answer 6

genetic drift

Question 7

genetic drift primarily damages ___ populations

Answer 7

small

Question 8

small populations do not contain ____ amounts of variation

Answer 8

large

Question 9

if a population size remains small for many generations, genetic variation can be ___

Answer 9

depleted

Question 10

Loss of variability is harmful to evolutionary success because it restricts genetic responses to ____

Answer 10

environmental change

Question 11

types of genetic drift

Answer 11

-population bottleneck
-founder effect

Question 12

large reduction in population size leading to the increased significance of every evolutionary change or environmental condition result in the survival of only a few individuals; random

Answer 12

population bottleneck

Question 13

founder effect: formation of a new _____

Answer 13

geographic location

Question 14

founder effect may lead to….

Answer 14

new species

Question 15

force in species that are geographically subdivided; causes movement

Answer 15

migration

Question 16

migration increases….

Answer 16

genetic variation within the poulation

Question 17

migration prevents ____ barriers and ___, and different population becoming too genetically distinct

Answer 17

reproductive barriers and speciation

Question 18

gene flow

Answer 18

movement of alleles

Question 19

how does natural selection effect species?

Answer 19

it favors that organisms with superior traits

Question 20

natural selection can change both ___ and ___ frequencies

Answer 20

allelic and genotypic

Question 21

what are Darwin’s first 3 observations and the inference they led to?

Answer 21

-Observation 1: organisms have great potential fertility
-Observation 2: natural population remain constant in size
-Observation 3: resources are limited
-Inference 1: overpopulations increases competition creatinga struggle for existence- limited resources
* influence of Malthus

Question 22

Observations 4,5 and inference 2 and 3

Answer 22

-Observation4: populations show phenotypic variation among organisms
-Observation 5: some variation is heritable
-Inference 2: varying organisms show differential survival and reproduction which favors advantageous traits
- Inference 3: natural selection generates adaptations and new species

Question 23

what are Darwin’s first 3 observations and the inference they led to?

Answer 23

-Observation 1: organisms have great potential fertility
-Observation 2: natural population remains constant in size
-Observation 3: resources are limited
-Inference 1: overpopulations increase competition creating a struggle for existence- limited resources
* influence of Malthus