Molecular Genetics & Biotechnology - Lecture Eighteen

Question 1

Germline mutation

Answer 1

Mutations that occur in gametes can be passed on to the next generation

Question 2

Somatic mutation

Answer 2

Mutations that occur in other cells that are not passed on to the next generations

Question 3

Cancer

Answer 3

Result of an accumulation of mutations, mostly associated with DNA replication

Question 4

Cancer cells

Answer 4

Cells within a tissue that respond to many signals that control cellular growth and death, overtime cells beomce increasingly resistant to the controls that maintain normal tissue and as a result, divide more rapidly

Question 5

Two types of genes that cause cancer when mutated

Answer 5

Tumour suppressor genes and Onco-genes

Question 6

Tumour suppressor genes

Answer 6

Encode proteins that normal prevent uncontrolled cell growth, therefore recessive mutations promote cancer

Question 7

Onco-genes

Answer 7

Encode proteins that promote cell growth, therefore dominant mutations promote cancer

Question 8

Chronic myeloid leukemia

Answer 8

An example of how onco-gene and tumour suppressor gene mutations lead to cancer

Question 9

Genetic predisposition

Answer 9

Inherited mutations increase chance of cancer

Question 10

Cancer treatments

Answer 10

Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy

Question 11

Surgery

Answer 11

Remove cancer cells

Question 12

Radiation therapy

Answer 12

Targeted radiation treatment to kill cancer cells

Question 13

Chemotherapy

Answer 13

Uses drugs that target dividing cells as cancer cells grow and divide rapidly but it also affects normal cells

Question 14

Targeted therapy

Answer 14

Drugs that target changes in cancer cells that allow them to grow and divide