Metabolism - Lecture Thirty-Six

Question 1

Triacylglycerol stores in adipose tissue

Answer 1

At least 15kg of fat which is enough energy for at least 40 days of starvation

Question 2

Glucagon stimulates

Answer 2

Lipolysis

Question 3

Fatty acids are used as fuel by all aerobic tissues except where?

Answer 3

The brain

Question 4

Liver glycogen

Answer 4

About 90-120g and is stimulated by the hormone, glucagon

Question 5

How much glucose (g) does the brain want per day?

Answer 5

~120g

Question 6

Where does gluconeogenesis occur?

Answer 6

Mainly in the liver (also kidney cortex)

Question 7

Gluconeogenesis synthesis of glucose from

Answer 7

Lactate from muscle glycogen
Alanine from muscle protein
Glycerol from adipose tissue (TAG)

Question 8

What is gluconeogenesis stimulated by?

Answer 8

Glucagon

Question 9

Protein stores

Answer 9

10-15 kg protein in the body but there is no specific storage proteins.
Some proteins must be degraded to amino acids to make glucose

Question 10

Loss of too much protein

Answer 10

Causes structural and functional damage

Question 11

Ketone bodies

Answer 11

Synthesised in the liver from fatty acids and can be used by starving brain as energy source

Question 12

Metabolic adaptation to starvation: Fatty acids

Answer 12

Can be used as a fuel by all aerobic tissues (except brain); essentially unlimited supply from TAGs

Question 13

Metabolic adaptation to starvation: Ketone bodies

Answer 13

Used by brain
Brain needs less glucose; now only about 50g/day, this mean muscle degradation can slow down (not so many amino acids needed for gluconeogenesis) and therefore the body can survive longer