Molecular Genetics & Biotechnology - Lecture Seventeen

Question 1

Translation: Initiation

Answer 1

Small ribosome subunit binds to mRNA and large ribosomal subunit completes the initiation complex

Question 2

Translation: Elongation

Answer 2

The codon is recognised and a peptide bond is formed. Once the peptide bond is formed, translocation occurs

Question 3

Translation: Termination

Answer 3

Ribosome reaches a stop codon on mRNA and a release factor promotes hydrolysis. Ribosomal subunits and other components then dissociate

Question 4

Types of mutations

Answer 4

Substitution, deletion and insertion

Question 5

Substitution

Answer 5

Change of one letter

Question 6

Deletion

Answer 6

Loss of one letter

Question 7

Insertion

Answer 7

Gain of one letter

Question 8

Glucokinase

Answer 8

Key enzyme in glucose sensing as it determines how much glucose is broken down and therefore how much insulin is produced

Question 9

Mutation in one glucokinase gene

Answer 9

Results in persistent mild hyperglycaemia, a type of diabetes called MODY2

Question 10

Genetic testing

Answer 10

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Question 11

PCR steps

Answer 11

Heat DNA to 95˚C to separate DNA strands
Cool to -60˚ to anneal (base pair) a DNA primer
Heat DNA to 72˚ to allow Taq DNA polymerase to copy the DNA