Metabolism - Lecture Twenty-Two

Question 1

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 1

The total energy within a system is constant, where energy can neither be created or destroyed but can be converted

Question 2

Eintake =

Answer 2

Eexpended + Estored (weight gain)

Question 3

Weight loss can be achieved by

Answer 3

Reducing energy intake (eat less and/or take certain drugs)
Increasing activities
Increasing basal metabolism (the energy required for maintenance of life)

Question 4

Units of energy

Answer 4

Joules (J)

Question 5

Direct calorimetry

Answer 5

Relies on measuring heat output from individual but good for determining basal metabolic rate

Question 6

Indirect calorimetry

Answer 6

Based on O2 consumption and CO2 production measured using a respirometer

Question 7

RER =

Answer 7

CO2 produced / O2 consumed

Question 8

Basal metabolism

Answer 8

Energy required to the maintenance of life

Question 9

Energy required to the maintenance of life

Answer 9

Muscle contraction
Nerve conduction
Ion transport 
Synthesis of macromolecules
Maintenance of body heat

Question 10

Factors that affect basal metabolism

Answer 10

Gender
Age
Hormonal status
Stress levels
Disease status
Certain drugs

Question 11

Increase in basal metabolism by

Answer 11

Athletic training
Late stages of pregnancy
Fever 
Drugs e.g. caffeine
Hyperthyroidism

Question 12

Decrease in basal metabolism by

Answer 12

Malnutrition
Sleep
Drugs e.g. beta blockers
Hypothyroidism