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B12 > Molecular Composition Review (2.2) > Flashcards

Molecular Composition Review (2.2) Flashcards

1
Q

Define biomacromolecule

A

Large molecule formed by joining many monomers

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2
Q

Provide 2 examples of biomacromolecules

A
  1. Proteins

2. Polysaccharides

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3
Q

Define inorganic compounds

A

Compounds that do not contain carbon and hydrogen

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4
Q

Describe polymer

A

A large molecule that is made up of many repeating smaller molecules strung together

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5
Q

Provide 3 examples of polymers

A
  1. Nucleic acids
  2. Carbohydrates
  3. Proteins
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6
Q

Define monosaccharide

A

Carbohydrate consisting of single sugars

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7
Q

State the 2 types of nucleic acids

A
  1. DNA

2. RNA

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8
Q

Provide 4 examples of an inorganic compound

A
  1. CO2 (Carbon dioxide)
  2. N2 (Nitrogen)
  3. H20 (Water)
  4. O2 (Oxygen)
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9
Q

Outline the role of nitrogen for living things

A

Used to make amino acids

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10
Q

Outline the role of carbon dioxide for living things

A

Used to create glucose

photosynthesis

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11
Q

Outline the role of oxygen for living things

A

Oxygen releases energy from organic compounds

cellular respiration

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12
Q

Define organic compounds

A

Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen

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13
Q

Provide 4 examples of organic compounds

A
  1. CH4 (methane)
  2. C2H4 (ethene)
  3. C6H12O6 (glucose)
  4. C3H6O3 (lactic acid)
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14
Q

Describe monomer

A

A smaller subunit of a larger unit

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15
Q

Provide 2 examples of monomers

A
  1. Amino acids

2. Nucleotides

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16
Q

Provide 4 examples of simple lipids

A
  • Fats
  • Steroids -> (2) cholesterol
  • Hormones -> (3) cortisone + (4) testosterone
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17
Q

Define nucleotide

A

Monomer of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

Composed of phosphate, deoxyribose sugar and nitrogenous base

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18
Q

State the basic subunit of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

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19
Q

State 2 major classifications of fatty acids

A
  • Saturated

- Unsaturated

20
Q

State the 3 elements that make up lipids

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
21
Q

Describe simple lipids

A 
Composed of:
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
(in different proportions to that of carbohydrates)
22
Q

State how many different amino acids are found in proteins

A

20 amino acids

23
Q

State the basic subunit of nucleic acids

A

Nucleotide

Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous bases

24
Q

State the basic subunit of proteins

A

Amino acids

25
Q

State the 3 major groups of carbohydrates

A
  1. Monosaccharides
  2. Disaccharides
  3. Polysaccharides
26
Q

List the 4 major classifications of organic molecules

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic acids
  • Lipids
27
Q

Describe unsaturated fat

A

At least one double bond between carbon atoms

-C=C-

28
Q

Describe saturated fat

A

Maximum no. of hydrogen bonds attached to/saturating every carbon atom
No double bonds present

29
Q

Provide 1 example of compound lipids

A

Phospholipids

30
Q

State the 5 elements that make up nucleic acids

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen
  • Phosphorous
31
Q

Describe compound lipids

A

Contains:
- Fatty acids
- Glycerol
(phosphorous & nitrogen)

32
Q

State the 3 elements that make up the carbohydrate

A
  • Oxygen
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
33
Q

Define complex polysaccharides

A

(complex carbohydrate)

Polysaccharide that has different monosaccharide and disaccharide subunits in the same molecule

34
Q

Define polysaccharides

A

Polymer consisting of many repeated units of monosaccharides or disaccharides

35
Q

State 2 types of structure of polysaccharides

A
  • Linear

- Highly branched

36
Q

State 2 general forms of lipids

A
  • Simple

- Compound

37
Q

State the 4 elements that make up proteins

A
  • Carbon
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen
  • Hydrogen
38
Q

State the basic subunit of lipids

A

Glycerol head and three fatty acids tails

39
Q

State 3 structures minerals are present within living things

A
  • Cell cytosol
  • Structural components
  • Enzymes
40
Q

Define disaccharides

A

Carbohydrate consisting of two linked monosaccharide molecules

41
Q

Define amino acids

A

Monomer of polypeptides (proteins)

42
Q

State the common colour used to represent hydrogen

A

White

43
Q

State the common colour used to represent carbon

A

Black

44
Q

State the common colour used to represent nitrogen

A

Blue

45
Q

State the common colour used to represent oxygen

A

Red

46
Q

State the common colour used to represent phosphorous

A

Orange

47
Q

State the common colour used to represent sulfur

A

Yellow

B12 (41 decks)

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