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B12 > Molecular Composition Review (2.2) > Flashcards

Molecular Composition Review (2.2) Flashcards

1
Q

Define biomacromolecule

A

Large molecule formed by joining many monomers

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2
Q

Provide 2 examples of biomacromolecules

A
  1. Proteins

2. Polysaccharides

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3
Q

Define inorganic compounds

A

Compounds that do not contain carbon and hydrogen

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4
Q

Describe polymer

A

A large molecule that is made up of many repeating smaller molecules strung together

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5
Q

Provide 3 examples of polymers

A
  1. Nucleic acids
  2. Carbohydrates
  3. Proteins
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6
Q

Define monosaccharide

A

Carbohydrate consisting of single sugars

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7
Q

State the 2 types of nucleic acids

A
  1. DNA

2. RNA

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8
Q

Provide 4 examples of an inorganic compound

A
  1. CO2 (Carbon dioxide)
  2. N2 (Nitrogen)
  3. H20 (Water)
  4. O2 (Oxygen)
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9
Q

Outline the role of nitrogen for living things

A

Used to make amino acids

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10
Q

Outline the role of carbon dioxide for living things

A

Used to create glucose

photosynthesis

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11
Q

Outline the role of oxygen for living things

A

Oxygen releases energy from organic compounds

cellular respiration

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12
Q

Define organic compounds

A

Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen

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13
Q

Provide 4 examples of organic compounds

A
  1. CH4 (methane)
  2. C2H4 (ethene)
  3. C6H12O6 (glucose)
  4. C3H6O3 (lactic acid)
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14
Q

Describe monomer

A

A smaller subunit of a larger unit

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15
Q

Provide 2 examples of monomers

A
  1. Amino acids

2. Nucleotides

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16
Q

Provide 4 examples of simple lipids

A
  • Fats
  • Steroids -> (2) cholesterol
  • Hormones -> (3) cortisone + (4) testosterone
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17
Q

Define nucleotide

A

Monomer of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

Composed of phosphate, deoxyribose sugar and nitrogenous base

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18
Q

State the basic subunit of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

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19
Q

State 2 major classifications of fatty acids

A
  • Saturated

- Unsaturated

20
Q

State the 3 elements that make up lipids

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
21
Q

Describe simple lipids

A 
Composed of:
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
(in different proportions to that of carbohydrates)
22
Q

State how many different amino acids are found in proteins

A

20 amino acids

23
Q

State the basic subunit of nucleic acids

A

Nucleotide

Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous bases

24
Q

State the basic subunit of proteins

A

Amino acids

25
State the 3 major groups of carbohydrates
1. Monosaccharides 2. Disaccharides 3. Polysaccharides
26
List the 4 major classifications of organic molecules
- Carbohydrates - Proteins - Nucleic acids - Lipids
27
Describe unsaturated fat
At least one double bond between carbon atoms | -C=C-
28
Describe saturated fat
Maximum no. of hydrogen bonds attached to/saturating every carbon atom No double bonds present
29
Provide 1 example of compound lipids
Phospholipids
30
State the 5 elements that make up nucleic acids
- Carbon - Hydrogen - Oxygen - Nitrogen - Phosphorous
31
Describe compound lipids
Contains: - Fatty acids - Glycerol (phosphorous & nitrogen)
32
State the 3 elements that make up the carbohydrate
- Oxygen - Carbon - Hydrogen
33
Define complex polysaccharides
(complex carbohydrate) | Polysaccharide that has different monosaccharide and disaccharide subunits in the same molecule
34
Define polysaccharides
Polymer consisting of many repeated units of monosaccharides or disaccharides
35
State 2 types of structure of polysaccharides
- Linear | - Highly branched
36
State 2 general forms of lipids
- Simple | - Compound
37
State the 4 elements that make up proteins
- Carbon - Oxygen - Nitrogen - Hydrogen
38
State the basic subunit of lipids
Glycerol head and three fatty acids tails
39
State 3 structures minerals are present within living things
- Cell cytosol - Structural components - Enzymes
40
Define disaccharides
Carbohydrate consisting of two linked monosaccharide molecules
41
Define amino acids
Monomer of polypeptides (proteins)
42
State the common colour used to represent hydrogen
White
43
State the common colour used to represent carbon
Black
44
State the common colour used to represent nitrogen
Blue
45
State the common colour used to represent oxygen
Red
46
State the common colour used to represent phosphorous
Orange
47
State the common colour used to represent sulfur
Yellow

B12 (41 decks)

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