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Aerobic/Anaerobic Cellular Respiration (5.4) Flashcards

1
Q

State whether aerobic or anaerobic cellular respiration will occur if oxygen is available

A

Aerobic respiration

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2
Q

State the 3 stages of aerobic respiration

A
  1. glycolysis
  2. Krebs cycle
  3. electron transport chain
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3
Q

Provide the balanced chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 36ADP + 36Pi -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP

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4
Q

State the site of Kreb’s cycle in aerobic respiration

A

Mitochondrial matrix

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5
Q

State the site of the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration

A

Mitochondrial cristae

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6
Q

State what the folded inner structure of a mitochondrion is referred to as

A

Cristae

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7
Q

State what is contained within the folded inner membrane of the mitochondrion

A

Mitochondrial matrix

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8
Q

Compare and contrast the size of the mitochondria and chloroplast

A

Mitochondria are slightly smaller than chloroplasts

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9
Q

State how mitochondrion reproduce

A

Binary fission

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10
Q

State whether or not mitochondrion reproduction is dependent or independent on the cell

A

Independent of the cell

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11
Q

State what kind of DNA is contained within a mitochondrion

A

Circular

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12
Q

State how many reactions are a part of the Kreb’s cycle

A

8 reactions

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13
Q

State whether or not each of the 8 reactions of the Kreb’s cycle stage of aerobic cellular respiration are catalysed by the same or different enzymes

A

8 different enzymes are involved

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14
Q

State what happens to the pyruvate formed from glycolysis in the Kreb’s cycle stage of aerobic cellular respiration

A

Diffuses from the cytoplasm through the outer membrane of the mitochondria and then moves by active transport into the mitochondrial inner membrane

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15
Q

State what the movement of pyruvate into the mitochondria uses as part of the Kreb’s cycle of aerobic cellular respiration

A

ATP produced during glycolysis

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16
Q

State what pyruvate is converted into during the Kreb’s cycle of aerobic cellular respiration

A

acetyl CoA

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17
Q

Describe what acetyl CoA is a substrate for in the Kreb’s cycle of aerobic cellular respiration

A

First of a series of reactions

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18
Q

State where energy is transferred to during Kreb’s cycle reactions

A

Energy-carrying coenzymes such as NADH, FADH2 and ATP

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19
Q

Describe the purpose of the electron transport chain in aerobic cellular respiration

A

Used to move protons and electrons across a membrane to generate ATP

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20
Q

Describe what NAD+ is capable of carrying

A

One hydrogen ion

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21
Q

Describe what FAD is capable of carrying

A

Two hydrogen ions

22
Q

State why oxygen is an essential part of the electron transport chain stage of aerobic cellular respiration

A

Picks up electrons at the end of the chain

23
Q

State what occurs if oxygen is not available during the electron transport chain phase of aerobic cellular respiration

A

Electron transport chain will stop

24
Q

Provide the overall amount of ATP molecules produced from one molecule of glucose and the name of this first stage of aerobic cellular respiration

A

2 ATP molecules from glycolysis

25
Provide the overall amount of ATP molecules produced from one molecule of glucose and the name of this second stage of aerobic cellular respiration
2 ATP molecules from the Kreb's cycle
26
Provide the overall amount of ATP molecules produced from one molecule of glucose and the name of this third stage of aerobic cellular respiration
30-32 ATP molecules from the electron transport chain
27
Describe what kind of respiration occurs in the absence or with little access to oxygen
Anaerobic cellular respiration
28
Describe an alternative name for the anaerobic respirative pathway
Fermentation
29
When does fermentation occur during anaerobic cellular respiration
After glycolysis
30
State where fermentation occurs
Cell cytoplasm
31
State what type of fermentation occurs in yeast
Ethanol fermentation
32
In animals, glycolysis and the final reactions that converts pyruvate to lactic acid are together referred to as
Lactic acid fermentation
33
State what the final reaction in the electron transport chain of aerobic cellular respiration requires
Oxygen
34
State what organisms contain an enzyme that allows for the catalysis of the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid
1. protists 2. fungi 3. animal cells
35
State how the lactic acid produced through fermentation can leave the cell
Diffusion through the cell membrane or via specific membrane transport protein
36
State what is produced by fermentation when conducted commercially on a large scale
Biofuels
37
Compare and contrast ATP production via aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration
Anaerobic - 2 ATP molecules / glucose molecule | Aerobic - 30-32 ATP molecules / glucose molecule
38
Describe what happens to the lactic acid in animal cells when oxygen becomes available
Lactic acid diffuses into the bloodstream and is converted into pyruvate for aerobic cellular respiration
39
State what one glucose molecule is broken into during anaerobic respiration in animal cells
2 pyruvate and NADH (formed from NAD+)
40
State what one glucose molecule is broken into during anaerobic respiration in fungal/plant cells
Ethanol and CO2 (from 2 pyruvate) and NADH
41
Describe the breakdown of substances in the first step of yeast fermentation
Pyruvate is broken down into acetaldehyde and CO2
42
Describe the breakdown of substances in the second step of yeast fermentation
Acetaldehyde is broken down into ethanol and NAD+ forms
43
State how many steps are involved in yeast fermentation
There are 2 steps in yeast fermentation
44
State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals
glucose -> lactic acid + 2ATP
45
State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants
glucose -> carbon dioxide + alcohol + 2ATP
46
State the word equation for aerobic respiration
Oxygen gas + Glucose -> Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP (energy released)
47
State the chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in animals
C6H12O6 -> C3H6O3 + 2ATP
48
State the chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in plants
C6H12O6 -> CO2 + C2H5OH + 2ATP
49
Outline the role played by light in the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis
Light provides the energy that is absorbed by chlorophyll, which facilitates the light-dependent stage
50
State the overall max yield of ATP from aerobic respiration
36-38ATP

B12 (41 decks)

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