Genetically Modified and Transgenic Organisms (14.2) Flashcards
State whether or not any gene transferred from one organism to another will express the protein that it expressed in the original organism
Yes.
State why almost all of the genes transferred from one organism to another will express the same protein that it expressed in the original organism
DNA code is universal
State what any organism that has had its genome altered is termed
GMO
Outline what the term GMO represents
Genetically Modified Organism
State what any organism that has had genes from another species inserted is termed
A transgenic organism
Describe transgenic organism
Any organism that has had genes from another species inserted into its’ genome
State what the gene from one species that has been inserted into another is termed
Transgene
State 2 ways organisms may have their genome modified
- Gene editing
2. Direct mutation
Provide an alternative term that can be used interchangeably with the process direct mutation
Mutagenesis
Describe gene editing
Modification of genes by removal, substitution or alteration by mutation without necessarily introducing a foreign gene
State whether organisms that have had their genome modified by gene editing and direct mutation are an example of transgenic organisms
No. They are GMOs as they haven’t had genes from other organisms introduced.
Describe xenotransplantation
Organ, tissue or cell transplant from one species to another
State what transferring a gene into plant cells can be limited by
The presence of a cell well
Provide 3 social implications of GMOs and transgenic organisms
- Access to technology (social equality)
- Consumer choice
- Costs to farmers
Provide 3 biological implications of GMOs and transgenic organisms
- Safety of consuming GMOs
- Cross-pollination between GM and wild plnats
- Genetic variation in agriculture
