Chromosomes (1/2)

Question 1

State what all inherited characteristics in organisms are determined by

Answer 1

The genes located on DNA in chromosomes

Question 2

Describe a chromosome

Answer 2

A structure containing a single DNA molecule and its associated proteins

Question 3

State whether or not chromosomes carry genes

Answer 3

Yes. Chromosomes carry genes.

Question 4

State whether or not chromosomes can be differently shaped.

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

State whether or not chromosomes can have different sizes

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

State whether the appearance of chromosomes changes throughout the life of the cell upon which they are present

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

State what types of chromosomes are present within eukaryotic organisms

Answer 7

Linear chromosomes

Question 8

State where linear chromosomes are located in eukaryotic organisms

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

State whether the number of chromosomes contained within a species is consistent

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

State what each chromosome carries

Answer 10

A different set of genes

Question 11

State to what cells chromosomes are passed to during mitosis

Answer 11

Daughter cells

Question 12

State to what cells chromosomes are passed to during meiosis

Answer 12

Germline cells

Question 13

State what types of chromosomes are present within prokaryotic cells

Answer 13

Single circular chromosomes

Question 14

State what the small, circular DNA molecules in prokaryotes are termed

Answer 14

Plasmids

Question 15

State whether or not plasmids can move between cells

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

State what DNA is coiled about in eukaryotes

Answer 16

Histones

Question 17

Describe histones

Answer 17

Small proteins

Question 18

State what the DNA coiled about histones combined form

Answer 18

Nucleosome

Question 19

State what occurs when a eukaryotic cell is preparing to divide

Answer 19

Chromosomes become condensed and are visible when the cell is stained under a light microscope

Question 20

State whether prokaryotic chromosomes are more condensed or less condensed than eukaryotic chromosomes

Answer 20

No. They are less condensed.

Question 21

Describe centromere

Answer 21

Constriction point which divides the chromosome into two sections

Question 22

State what the regions on either side of the chromosomal centromere are referred to as

Answer 22

Chromosome arms

Question 23

State what the p arm of a chromosome represents

Answer 23

Shorter arm

Question 24

State what the q arm of a chromosome represents

Answer 24

Longer arm

Question 25

State the 4 types of chromosomes

Answer 25

1. Metacentric
2. Submetacentric
3. Acrocentric
4. Telocentric

Question 26

State what the position of a gene on a chromosome is referred to as

Answer 26

Locus

Question 27

Describe locus

Answer 27

Position of a gene on a chromosome

Question 28

State what each DNA molecule contains

Answer 28

Many genes

Question 29

State what the genes of each DNA molecule are separated by

Answer 29

Spacer DNA

Question 30

Describe spacer regions of DNA

Answer 30

DNA that does not encode for a protein product

Question 31

State a term to describe the chromosome that has the same loci and are considered a ‘matching pair’

Answer 31

Homologous chromosome

Question 32

Describe chromatids

Answer 32

Identical copies of a chromosome

Question 33

Describe homologous chromosomes

Answer 33

Identical chromosomes which pair up during fertilisation