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Anatomy and Physiology > Modules 3-4 > Flashcards

Modules 3-4 Flashcards

1
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Reverses proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and prepares and packages them for export to other parts of the body.
Process hundred of different proteins simultaneously.

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2
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

A network of membranous canals and curving sacs throughout the cytoplasm

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3
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Defines the boundaries of the cell, regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell, and consists of phosolipids, cholesterol and protein.

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4
Q

Mitochondria

A

The powerhouse of the cell, inner mitochondrion membrane(cristae) contains enzymes that the organelle uses to convert organic compounds to ATP

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5
Q

Centrioles

A

Lie perpendicular to one another just outside of the nucleus, play a role in cell division

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6
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Gel like substance that fills the space between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

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7
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Supporting framework of the cell, made up of protein filaments and rod like structures - cytoskeleton determines shape of the cell

Gives strength and allows the cell to move

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8
Q

Ribosomes

A

Synthesize protein, some are attached to the E.R. while others exist alone scattered throughout the cytoplasm

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9
Q

Lysosomes

A

Membranous vesicles that form from pinched off pieces of the Golgi apparatus, contain various enzymes that break down protein the cell doesn’t need. This both cleans out the cell and allows it to reuse amino acids

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10
Q

Nucleus

A

Central and most important part of the cell, it’s the cells control center; contains all of the cells genetic info

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11
Q

What is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration called?

A

Diffusion

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12
Q

Passive transport

A

Requires no energy and includes diffusion, osmosis, filtration and facilitated diffusion

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13
Q

Active transport

A

Requires energy, includes transport by pumps and vesicles

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14
Q

What involves the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of low concentration called?

A

Diffusion

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15
Q

Osmosis

A

Involves the diffusion of water down the concentration gradient though a selectively permeable members

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16
Q

Isotonic

A

Solution with the same concentration of solutes as that inside the cell

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17
Q

Hypertonic

A

Solution with a higher concentration of solutes as that inside the cell

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18
Q

Hypotonic

A

Solution with a lower concentration of solutes as that inside the cell

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19
Q

Endocytosis

A

Brings substances into the cell
Phagocytosis- cell rating
Pinocytosis - cell drinking

20
Q

Exocytosis

A

Uses vesicles to release substances outside the cell

21
Q

Ectoderm

A

Creates the epidermis and nervous tissue

22
Q

What produces the mucous membrane of the respiratory track, thyroid gland and secretory parts of the pancreas?

A

The endoderm

23
Q

What does the mesoderm do?

A

Gives rise to the connective and muscle tissue

24
Q

What are the four categories of tissue?

A

Epithelial, connective, nervous and muscular

25
Q

Where is epithelial tissue found?

A

Covers the body’s surface, lines body cavities, and many of the organs and forms certain glands.

26
Q

What is a ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the blood?

A

Endocrine glands

27
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Secrete products into a duct that empties it into the body’s surface of inside of a body cavity

28
Q

Areolar tissue ( loose connective tissue)

A

Consist of collagen and elastin. Connects many adjacent body structures and lies under almost all epithelia. it also surrounds blood vessels nerves the oesophagus and the trachea

29
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Dominated by fat cells form is protective pads around kidneys and various other structures. Storage depot for excess food and helps insulate the body to conserve heat.

30
Q

Reticular tissue

A

Consist of a loose network of reticular fibres and cells which form the framework of the spleen lymph nodes and bone marrow

31
Q

Tendons and ligaments are formed by what connective tissue?

A

Dense connective tissue

32
Q

Where does Cartilage receive oxygen and nutrients from?

A

Diffusion from surrounding connective tissue and it heal slowly because there’s no blood vessels

33
Q

What are the three main types of cartilage And where can they be found?

A

Hyaline found in the ends of mobile joints ribs attached to the breastbone the larynx and rings are on the trachea
Elastic found in the outer ear and epiglottis
Fibrocartilage forms the distance between the vertebrae and in the knee joints which absorb shock

34
Q

What is the soma neuron and what does it contain?

A

Large body cell containing the nucleus of the nerve cells

35
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Attached to bones and allows body movements to be made and breathing, speech, control of urination and facial expressions

36
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Only in the heart and allows electrical impulses to spread rapidly from cell to cell

37
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Lines the walls of many organs (Digestive, respiratory,Urinary tract ) Controls blood pressure and flow

38
Q

Which type of tissue repair results in functional tissue?

A

Regeneration the damage tissue cells replace with the same type of cell resulting in functional tissue

39
Q

Mucous membrane

A

Found in the respiratory,digestive, urinary and reproductive tract.Secretes mucus that cold and protect cells of the membrane.

40
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

The skin. Consist of a layer of epithelium resting on a layer of connective tissue

41
Q

Serous membrane

A

Lines close body cavities, it surrounds the lungs and the heart, it covers the abdominal organs. Secretes serous fluid which helps prevent friction as the heart beats in the lungs expand

42
Q

Stem cells

A

Specialized cell that can differentiate into many different types of cells

43
Q

What is the most widespread and most varied of all tissues that serves to connect the body and to support, bind and protect organs?

A

Connective tissue

44
Q

Cartilage forming cells

A

Chondrocytes

45
Q

What tissue has a high degree of excitability and conductivity that makes of the nervous system?

A

Nervous tissue

46
Q

What is granulation tissue

A

Newly formed tissue inside a wound

47
Q

Osseous tissue

A

Bone tissue - osteocytes are bone forming cells

Anatomy and Physiology (15 decks)

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