Module 14 - endocrine system Flashcards
Exocrine vs endocrine
exocrine - have ducts and exit to an environment external to themselves
endocrine- ductless, secrete hormones within the blood stream
which hormones are able to easily pass through the cell’s membrane
steroid hormones, derived from cholesterol
target cells
cells having receptors for a particular hormone
PTH (parathyriod hormone)
main hormone the body uses to maintain normal levels of calcium in the blood
Alpha cells ( in the pancreas)
secrete glucagon, between meals and the liver converts glycogen into glucose and also converts fatty acids/amino acids to glucose
beta cells ( in the pancreas)
secrete insulin, it stimulates the cells to absorb glucose and amino acids causing blood glucose levels to fall
delta cells (in the pancreas)
secrete somatostatin, which inhibits the release of glucose and insulin and GH
where is the pineal gland and what does it produce?
it’s found in the center of the brain, on the roof of the brains third ventricle and it produces melatonin
where is the thymus located and what does it produce
in the mediastinum, and it produces thymosin and thympoietin
Where is the thyroid found and what hormones does it produce
resides in the neck, below the trachea where it is wrapped around the anterior and lateral portions of the trachea.
produces t3 and t4 and calcitonin
where is the parathyroid found and what hormone does it produce?
posterior surface of the thyroid glands, parathyroid hormone is secreted in response to low levels of calcium in the blood.
What are the two distinct glands in the kidneys?
adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
anterior pituitary produces what hormones
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
adrenal cortex secretes what hormones
aldosterone ( mineralocorticoids)
cortisol (glucocorticoids)
androgen, testosterone, estrogen (sex steroids)
