Module 13 Nervous System

Question 1

What are the neuroglia?

Answer 1

Support of cells of the nervous system and work to enhance performance of the nervous system

Question 2

Where are oligodendrocytes and what do they do form?

Answer 2

Found in the CNS and form the myelin sheath in the brain and spinal cord

Question 3

Where are astrocytes found and what do they form?

Answer 3

They extend through the brain tissue; help form the blood brain barrier, attach neurons to blood vessel; and provide structural support

Question 4

Where are Schwann cells found and what do they form

Answer 4

Form the Mylan sheath around nerves in the PNS; forms neurilemma

Question 5

What are the functions of the blood brain barrier

Answer 5

Exist throughout the brain allows small molecules today if he’s across the brain and blocks larger molecules

Question 6

Sensory (afferent) neurons

Answer 6

Detector stimuli - then transmit info about he stimuli to the CNS

Question 7

Interneurons

Answer 7

Found only in the CNS, connect the incoming sensory pathways without going motor pathways

Question 8

Motor (Efferent) neurons

Answer 8

Relay messages from the brain to the muscle or gland cells

Question 9

Membrane potential

Answer 9

When ions with opposite electrical charges are separated by a membrane

Question 10

Polarized

Answer 10

When I member and has an excess of positive ions on one side and an excess of negative ions on the other side

Question 11

Cervical spine innervates

Answer 11

Chest, head, neck, shoulders, arms, hands and diaphragm

Question 12

Thoracic spine innervates

Answer 12

Intercostal muscles of the rib cage, the abdominal muscles and back muscles

Question 13

The lumbar spinal nerves innervates

Answer 13

Lower abdominal wall and parts of the thighs and legs

Question 14

This sacral spine innervates

Answer 14

Thighs, but ox, skin of the legs and feet and anal and genital region’s

Question 15

Cauda equina

Answer 15

Andel of nerve roots

Question 16

Ascending tracts

Answer 16

Convey sensory signals up the spinal cord to the brain

Question 17

Descending tracts

Answer 17

Docs motor impulses down the spinal cord to the skeletal muscles

Question 18

Autonomic (visceral) reflexes

Answer 18

Involve secretion from glance or of the contraction of smooth muscle (such as pupil dilation).These reflexes are governed by autonomic neurons

Question 19

Somatic reflexes

Answer 19

Involve contraction of a skeletal muscle after being stimulated by a somatic motor neuron. Somatic reflexes protect the body against harm and maintain posture

Question 20

What does the thalamus do

Answer 20

It’s a gateway for nearly every sensory impulses travelling to the cerebral cortex. Processes and filters his impulses transmitting some but not all. Relays messages regarding certain complex movements; involved in memory and emotion

Question 21

What does the hypothalamus do

Answer 21

Controls the autonomic nervous system, responsible for hunger, thirst, temperature regulation, controls pituitary gland, is involved in multiple emotional responses such as fear anger pleasure and aggression

Question 22

What is the role of the hippocampus

Answer 22

Converting short term memory to long-term memory and is crucial for memory and learning

Question 23

Amygdala

Answer 23

Stores and can recall emotions from past events

Question 24

Olfactory (I) cranial nerve

Answer 24

Carry the impulses for the sense of smell

Question 25

Optic (II) cranial nerve

Answer 25

Lead from the eyes to the brain they carry sensory impulses for site

Question 26

Oculomotor (III) cranial nerve

Answer 26

Arise from the midbrain and travel into the eye Orbitz. These are mostly motor nerves and raise the eyelids, rotate the eye, just the amount of light that enters the eye and adjust focus

Question 27

Trochlear (IV) cranial nerves

Answer 27

Are the fourth and smallest of the cranial nerves, they control eye-movement

Question 28

Trigeminal (V) cranial nerves

Answer 28

Largest of the cranial nerves, they are a mixed nerves and are responsible for sensory input from the face and motor enervation to muscles of mastication (chewing)

Question 29

Abducens (VI) cranial nerves

Answer 29

Originate from the Ponds and they abduct the eyes

Question 30

Facial (VII) cranial nerves

Answer 30

Carry motor and pauses for facial expressions and carry motor impulse is to tear and salivary gland’s. Sensory fibres carry impulses from taste receptors on interior tongue

Question 31

Vestibulocochlear (VIII) cranial nerves

Answer 31

Originate from that year and these nerves are sensory and have two branches. The cochlear branch which is responsible for hearing and the vestibular branch which is responsible for balance

Question 33

Glossopharyngeal (IX) cranial nerves

Answer 33

Are associated with the tongue and the pharynx

Question 34

Vagus (X) cranial nerve

Answer 34

Only cranial nerves that extend from the medulla oblongata and travel through the neck to the thorax and abdomen.These mixed nerves carry sensory impulses from the throat, esophagus, thorax and abdomen to the brain. The motor fibres supply the heart and many smooth muscles and glands

Question 35

Hypoglossal (XII) nerves

Answer 35

Pass into the tongue and these are mostly motor and they move the tongue in speaking, chewing and swallowing

Question 37

Accessory (XI) cranial nerves

Answer 37

Originate from the medulla oblongata and spinal cord. The cranial branches join a Vagus nerve to carry impulses to the muscles of the throat. The spinal branch supplies motor impulses to the muscles of the back and neck

Question 38

Dura mater

Answer 38

Outer protective layer of the meninges

Question 39

What does the brain stem consist of?

Answer 39

Midbrain, pons varolii, medulla oblangata

Question 40

Midbrain

Answer 40

Contains tracts that relaysensory and motor impulses. It also contains centres for auditory and visual reflexes as well as clusters of neurons and integral to muscle control

Question 41

Pons

Answer 41

Contains trucks that conveys signals to and from different parts of the brain. Several cranial nerves arise from this area; they include cranial nerves trigeminl V, abducens VI, facial VII, vestibulocochlear VIII

Question 42

Medulla oblongata

Answer 42

I touch is the brain to the spinal cord, besides relaying Sensorimotor signals between the brain and the spinal cord, the medulla contains nuclei that perform functions vital to human life these include the cardiac centre which regulates the heart rate, the vasomotor centre which controls blood vessel diameter which in return affects blood pressure and two respiratory centres which regulate breathing