Module 15- Blood And Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is plasma without proteins called
Serum
What are the formed elements of blood?
Erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets
What is the hematocrit
Percentage of cells in a sample of blood
Extrinsic pathway
Initiated by damage to areas outside the body
Intrinsic pathway
Initiated by factors within the blood
Vascular spasm
Blood vessel is injured, smooth muscle divers in the wall of the vessel spasm, slows the flow of blood
Formation of platelet plug
The break down in the blood vessel exposes collagen fibers, creating a rough spot of the vessels normal slick interior. This triggers changes in the passing platelets, transforming them into sticky platelets
What valves regulate flow between the atria and ventricles?
atrioventricular valves
What vales regulate flow between ventricles and great arteries?
semilunar valves
what is the heart’s own vascular system called?
coronary circulation
what is the role of the coronary arteries?
deliver oxygenated blood to the myocardium
What is the role of the coronary veins?
collect deoxygenated blood
what is the role of the coronary sinus?
returns blood to right atrium
what does the P wave represent?
atrial depolarization
what does the PR interval represent?
the time it takes for cardiac impulse to travel from the atria to the ventricles
what does the QRS complex represent?
ventricular depolarization
what does the ST segment represent?
end of the ventricular depolarization and the beginning of ventricular repolarization
what does the T wave represent?
ventricular repolarization
What is cardiac output
amount of blood the heart pumps in 1 minute
Proprioceptors
in the muscles and joints signal the cardiac center of changes in physical activity. This allows the heart to increase output even before the muscles demand more blood flow.
Starlings Law of the Heart
the more the ventricle is stretched (within limits), the more forceful it will contract
The walls of the arteries and veins consists of three layers, what are they called from the inner layer to the outer layer.
Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa
what is the role of conducting arteries (elastic arteries)
largest arteries, expand as blood surges into them and recoil when ventricles relax
what is the role of distributing arteries (muscular arteries)
carry blood farther away from the heart to specific organs and areas of the body
what is the role of arterioles (resistance vessels)
smallest arteries, resist the flow of blood, thus helping regulate blood pressure as well as control how much blood enters an organ
Colloid osmotic pressure ( operates toward the venous side)
lower pressure allows proteins in the blood, such as albumin to exert what’s known as colloid osmotic pressure. The albumin in the blood pulls tissue fluid, along with cells’ waste products, into the capillaries
filtration
occurs close to the arterial side of the capillary bed
what is the role of pulmonary circulation
begins at the right ventricle and involves the circulation of blood through the lungs, routes blood to and from the lungs to exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen
what is the role of systemic circulation
supplies oxygen and nutrients to organs and removes waste, systemic arteries arise directly/indirectly from the aorta
what is the role of the Circle of Willis?
helps ensure the brain receives adequate supply of blood
the vena cava is the body’s main vein, it is divided into two, where do each of these veins receive blood from?
superior vena cava - from the head, shoulders, and arms
inferior vena cava - from the lower part of the body
hepatic circulation
hepatic portal vein sends blood to the liver to remove excess glucose, and toxins such as bacteria and alcohol can be partially removed before blood is distributed to the rest of the body and back to the heart
peripheral resistance
greater the resistance, slower the flow and higher the pressure. The lower the resistance, the faster the flow and the pressure
what is the body’s chief way of dealing with increased peripheral resistance
adjusting the diameter of the vessels
