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Anatomy and Physiology > Module 15- Blood And Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Module 15- Blood And Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What is plasma without proteins called

A

Serum

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2
Q

What are the formed elements of blood?

A

Erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets

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3
Q

What is the hematocrit

A

Percentage of cells in a sample of blood

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4
Q

Extrinsic pathway

A

Initiated by damage to areas outside the body

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5
Q

Intrinsic pathway

A

Initiated by factors within the blood

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6
Q

Vascular spasm

A

Blood vessel is injured, smooth muscle divers in the wall of the vessel spasm, slows the flow of blood

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7
Q

Formation of platelet plug

A

The break down in the blood vessel exposes collagen fibers, creating a rough spot of the vessels normal slick interior. This triggers changes in the passing platelets, transforming them into sticky platelets

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8
Q

What valves regulate flow between the atria and ventricles?

A

atrioventricular valves

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9
Q

What vales regulate flow between ventricles and great arteries?

A

semilunar valves

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10
Q

what is the heart’s own vascular system called?

A

coronary circulation

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11
Q

what is the role of the coronary arteries?

A

deliver oxygenated blood to the myocardium

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12
Q

What is the role of the coronary veins?

A

collect deoxygenated blood

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13
Q

what is the role of the coronary sinus?

A

returns blood to right atrium

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14
Q

what does the P wave represent?

A

atrial depolarization

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15
Q

what does the PR interval represent?

A

the time it takes for cardiac impulse to travel from the atria to the ventricles

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16
Q

what does the QRS complex represent?

A

ventricular depolarization

17
Q

what does the ST segment represent?

A

end of the ventricular depolarization and the beginning of ventricular repolarization

18
Q

what does the T wave represent?

A

ventricular repolarization

19
Q

What is cardiac output

A

amount of blood the heart pumps in 1 minute

20
Q

Proprioceptors

A

in the muscles and joints signal the cardiac center of changes in physical activity. This allows the heart to increase output even before the muscles demand more blood flow.

21
Q

Starlings Law of the Heart

A

the more the ventricle is stretched (within limits), the more forceful it will contract

22
Q

The walls of the arteries and veins consists of three layers, what are they called from the inner layer to the outer layer.

A

Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

23
Q

what is the role of conducting arteries (elastic arteries)

A

largest arteries, expand as blood surges into them and recoil when ventricles relax

24
Q

what is the role of distributing arteries (muscular arteries)

A

carry blood farther away from the heart to specific organs and areas of the body

25
Q

what is the role of arterioles (resistance vessels)

A

smallest arteries, resist the flow of blood, thus helping regulate blood pressure as well as control how much blood enters an organ

26
Q

Colloid osmotic pressure ( operates toward the venous side)

A

lower pressure allows proteins in the blood, such as albumin to exert what’s known as colloid osmotic pressure. The albumin in the blood pulls tissue fluid, along with cells’ waste products, into the capillaries

27
Q

filtration

A

occurs close to the arterial side of the capillary bed

28
Q

what is the role of pulmonary circulation

A

begins at the right ventricle and involves the circulation of blood through the lungs, routes blood to and from the lungs to exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen

29
Q

what is the role of systemic circulation

A

supplies oxygen and nutrients to organs and removes waste, systemic arteries arise directly/indirectly from the aorta

30
Q

what is the role of the Circle of Willis?

A

helps ensure the brain receives adequate supply of blood

31
Q

the vena cava is the body’s main vein, it is divided into two, where do each of these veins receive blood from?

A

superior vena cava - from the head, shoulders, and arms

inferior vena cava - from the lower part of the body

32
Q

hepatic circulation

A

hepatic portal vein sends blood to the liver to remove excess glucose, and toxins such as bacteria and alcohol can be partially removed before blood is distributed to the rest of the body and back to the heart

33
Q

peripheral resistance

A

greater the resistance, slower the flow and higher the pressure. The lower the resistance, the faster the flow and the pressure

34
Q

what is the body’s chief way of dealing with increased peripheral resistance

A

adjusting the diameter of the vessels

Anatomy and Physiology (15 decks)

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