Module 11-12

Question 1

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 1

The serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs

Question 2

What is the role of the mesentery?

Answer 2

Suspends the digestive organs within the abdominal cavity, while anchoring them loosely to the abdominal wall.

Question 3

Where is the omentum found and what is it composed of?

Answer 3

Hangs down over the small intestine and is composed of deposits of fat

Question 4

What does enzyme amylase break down?

Answer 4

Starch

Question 5

What does the enzyme lipase break down?

Answer 5

Fats during digestion

Question 6

In the stomach what happens to Rugae when the stomach is empty vs full?

Answer 6

When empty it wrinkles into folds and when full it flattens out and the stomach expands

Question 7

What is the role of the hepatic artery?

Answer 7

Delivers oxygenated blood from the aorta to the liver

Question 8

What is the role of the portal vein?

Answer 8

Oxygen poor but nutrient rich blood from the digestive organs and spleen to the liver

Question 9

Where is the liver found and what are the mean functions?

Answer 9

It’s found in the upper right abdomen and the main functions include storing and releasing glucose, processing vitamins and minerals, filtering toxins and recycling old blood cells

Question 10

What is the duodenum?

Answer 10

The part of the small intestine where pancreatic and bile ducts empty their secretions

Question 11

What helps form bones

Answer 11

Osteoblasts

Question 12

Osteoclasts

Answer 12

Dissolve unwanted bone

Question 13

What are nature osteoblasts embedded in hardened bone matrix called?

Answer 13

Osteocytes

Question 14

The bones of the skull join at which immovable joints?

Answer 14

Sutures

Question 15

The atlas

Answer 15

Consists of a delicate ring and a large vertebral foramen. Depressions on each side of the vertebra articulate with bony projections from the occipital bone of the skull. When the head moves back and forth the projections rock back and forth in these depressions ( nodding yes)

Question 16

The axis

Answer 16

Has a projection called the send or odontoid process, the dens project into the atlas and allows the head to swivel from side to side ( saying no)

Question 17

What does the thoracic cage consist of?

Answer 17

The thoracic vertebra, the ribs and the sternum. These bones surround and protect the heart and lungs

Question 18

What are the three regions of the sternum?

Answer 18

Manubrium which is the broadest portion, the body which is the longest portion and joins the manubrium at the eternal ankle and provides the location of the second rib, xiphoid process which provides attachment point for some abdominal muscles and is important landmark for cpr

Question 19

Synarthrotic joints (fibrous)

Answer 19

Anchoring the bones in place

Question 20

Amphiarthrotic joints (cartilaginous)

Answer 20

Slightly moveable

Question 21

Diathrotic joints (synovial)

Answer 21

Freely moveable

Question 22

A sheet of connective tissue that enclosed the joint, it extends from the periosteum of each of the articulating bones

Answer 22

Joint capsule

Question 23

Synovial membrane

Answer 23

A moist, slippery membrane that lines the inside of the joint capsule; secrets synovial fluid

Question 24

Small space between the bones that allows for freedom of movement; it contains synovial fluid; the fluid lubricated the joint, nourishes the cartilage and contains phagocytes to remove debris

Answer 24

Joint cavity

Question 25

Articular cartilage

Answer 25

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers bone surfaces; in combination with synovial fluid, it permits friction-free movement

Question 26

Bursa

Answer 26

Some joints contain bursa which are small sacs filled with synovial fluid. Bursa reside in areas where muscles and tendons pass over bony prominences to facilitate movement and ease friction

Question 27

What is the connection between a motor neurone and a muscle fiber?

Answer 27

Neuromuscular junction

Question 28

Axial skeleton

Answer 28

Is like a straight line - skull, Rib cage and vertebral column

Question 29

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 29

Relates to the appendages of the body

Question 30

What are the five sections of the vertebral column

Answer 30

Cervical vertebrae 7
Thoracic Vertebrae 12
Lumbar vertebrae 5
Sacrum 5 fused vertebrae 
Coccyx 4 fused vertebrae

Question 31

What is the vertebral foramen

Answer 31

An opening that allows for passage of the spinal cord

Question 32

What are the bumps you feel when you run your hand along the

Answer 32

Spinous process

Question 33

What does the masseter muscle do?

Answer 33

Closes the jaw