Module 9-10

Question 1

Functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 1

Maintenance of fluid balance, absorption of fats, immunity

Question 2

Lymphatic vessels

Answer 2

Formed by a thin layer of epithelial cells

Question 3

What is the role of protein filaments

Answer 3

Protein filaments anchor the vessel to surrounding cells, maintain shape, keep vessel from collapsing

Question 4

What is the role of the lymph nodes

Answer 4

Where phagocytosis takes place and also serves as a site for final maturation of types of lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 5

Thymus

Answer 5

Produces a hormone called Thymosin that promotes the development of lymphocytes

Question 6

Spleen (upper left quadrant of abdomen)

Answer 6

Immunity, destruction of old red blood cells, blood and platelets storage, hematopiesis in fetus. Spleen contains two types of tissues, read pop and white pulp

Question 7

Active immunity

Answer 7

When the body makes its own anti-bodies or T cells

Question 8

Passive immunity

Answer 8

When immunity results from an injection of antibiotics from another person or animal

Question 9

What is the name of the slip or structures such as blood vessels, ureters and nerves Enter and leave each kidney

Answer 9

Hilum

Question 10

Extracellular fluid

Answer 10

Includes fluid between cells inside tissue called interstitial fluid

Question 11

Intracellular fluid

Answer 11

Body fluid residing inside of the cells

Question 12

What is the role of the renal pelvis

Answer 12

Channels urine to urinary bladder

Question 13

What is the role of the renal

Answer 13

Branches of the abdominal aorta and brings blood to the kidney

Question 14

What is the role of the renal vein

Answer 14

Blood leaves kidney through here and empties into the inferior Vena cava

Question 15

What is the role of nephrons and where they primarily found

Answer 15

Filtration unit of the kidney, lie and kidneys outer regions

Question 16

Hormones that affect the urinary system

Answer 16

Aldosterone – reabsorbs Sodium chloride and water, excretes potassium

Atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)- Excretes sodium chloride and water

Antidiuretic hormone – Reabsorbs water

Parathyroid hormone – reabsorbs calcium, excretes phosphate

Question 17

What are the three openings into the bladder and where are they found

Answer 17

Two from the ureters (pass behind the blotter to enter from below ), one urethra

Question 18

What is the role of the internal urethral sphincter versus the external urethral sphincter

Answer 18

The internal contracts in voluntarily to retain urine in the bladder, while the external consists of skeletal muscle and voluntary control

Question 19

Mechanisms to increase fluid intake

Answer 19

1) physical changes stimulate the thirst centre in the hypothalamus
2) Salvation decreases, causing dry mouth and thirst
3) Water consumption occurs

Question 20

Mechanisms to decrease fluid out put

Answer 20

1) Physical changes to stimulate the hypothalamus
2) This stimulates the posterior pituitary to secrete anti-diuretic hormone
3) ADH promotes the kidneys to reabsorb water and produce less urine
4) Fluid loss slows down until water is ingested

Question 21

What is the main role of electrolytes

Answer 21

Drive chemical reactions, affect distribution of body is water content, determine a cells electrical potential

Question 22

urine formation involves three processes

Answer 22

Glomerular formation
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion

Question 23

Acid-base balance

Answer 23

Influences homeostasis, pH of blood ranges from 7.3 to 7.5, even slide elevations can be fatal

Question 24

Chemical buffers

Answer 24

Maintain acid-base balance is in the blood, include bio carbonate, fast food and protein bar for systems, use weak base to bind hydrogen ions and weak acid to release

Question 25

Sodium

Answer 25

Regulated by Aldosterone.Main electrolytes and extracellular fluid, determines the volume of total body water, influences how body water is distributed, plays a key role in depolarization

Question 26

Potassium

Answer 26

Most dangerous of all electrolyte in balances. Levels regulated by aldosterone. Main electrolyte in intracellular fluid, please a role in deep polarization, hyperkalaemia above 5.0 mEq/l And hypokalaemia below 3.5 mEq/l

Question 27

Calcium

Answer 27

Stored in bone, vital to muscle contraction, vital to nerve transmission, important factor in blood clotting cascade. Hypercalcemia above 5.7 mEq/l and Hypocalcaemia below 4.5 mEq/l

Question 28

Physiological buffers

Answer 28

Kidneys and lungs work together to prevent significance shifts and acid-base balances