Module 9-10 Flashcards
Functions of the lymphatic system
Maintenance of fluid balance, absorption of fats, immunity
Lymphatic vessels
Formed by a thin layer of epithelial cells
What is the role of protein filaments
Protein filaments anchor the vessel to surrounding cells, maintain shape, keep vessel from collapsing
What is the role of the lymph nodes
Where phagocytosis takes place and also serves as a site for final maturation of types of lymphocytes and monocytes
Thymus
Produces a hormone called Thymosin that promotes the development of lymphocytes
Spleen (upper left quadrant of abdomen)
Immunity, destruction of old red blood cells, blood and platelets storage, hematopiesis in fetus. Spleen contains two types of tissues, read pop and white pulp
Active immunity
When the body makes its own anti-bodies or T cells
Passive immunity
When immunity results from an injection of antibiotics from another person or animal
What is the name of the slip or structures such as blood vessels, ureters and nerves Enter and leave each kidney
Hilum
Extracellular fluid
Includes fluid between cells inside tissue called interstitial fluid
Intracellular fluid
Body fluid residing inside of the cells
What is the role of the renal pelvis
Channels urine to urinary bladder
What is the role of the renal
Branches of the abdominal aorta and brings blood to the kidney
What is the role of the renal vein
Blood leaves kidney through here and empties into the inferior Vena cava
What is the role of nephrons and where they primarily found
Filtration unit of the kidney, lie and kidneys outer regions
Hormones that affect the urinary system
Aldosterone – reabsorbs Sodium chloride and water, excretes potassium
Atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)- Excretes sodium chloride and water
Antidiuretic hormone – Reabsorbs water
Parathyroid hormone – reabsorbs calcium, excretes phosphate
What are the three openings into the bladder and where are they found
Two from the ureters (pass behind the blotter to enter from below ), one urethra
What is the role of the internal urethral sphincter versus the external urethral sphincter
The internal contracts in voluntarily to retain urine in the bladder, while the external consists of skeletal muscle and voluntary control
Mechanisms to increase fluid intake
1) physical changes stimulate the thirst centre in the hypothalamus
2) Salvation decreases, causing dry mouth and thirst
3) Water consumption occurs
Mechanisms to decrease fluid out put
1) Physical changes to stimulate the hypothalamus
2) This stimulates the posterior pituitary to secrete anti-diuretic hormone
3) ADH promotes the kidneys to reabsorb water and produce less urine
4) Fluid loss slows down until water is ingested
What is the main role of electrolytes
Drive chemical reactions, affect distribution of body is water content, determine a cells electrical potential
urine formation involves three processes
Glomerular formation
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion
Acid-base balance
Influences homeostasis, pH of blood ranges from 7.3 to 7.5, even slide elevations can be fatal
Chemical buffers
Maintain acid-base balance is in the blood, include bio carbonate, fast food and protein bar for systems, use weak base to bind hydrogen ions and weak acid to release
Sodium
Regulated by Aldosterone.Main electrolytes and extracellular fluid, determines the volume of total body water, influences how body water is distributed, plays a key role in depolarization
Potassium
Most dangerous of all electrolyte in balances. Levels regulated by aldosterone. Main electrolyte in intracellular fluid, please a role in deep polarization, hyperkalaemia above 5.0 mEq/l And hypokalaemia below 3.5 mEq/l
Calcium
Stored in bone, vital to muscle contraction, vital to nerve transmission, important factor in blood clotting cascade. Hypercalcemia above 5.7 mEq/l and Hypocalcaemia below 4.5 mEq/l
Physiological buffers
Kidneys and lungs work together to prevent significance shifts and acid-base balances
