Module 7-8

Question 1

Endocrine system vs exocrine system

Answer 1

Endocrine secretes hormones within the body that end up in the blood stream

Exocrine have exit routes(ducts) to an environment external to themselves

Question 2

Nervous system vs endocrine system

Answer 2

Nervous system uses neurotransmitters, secretes neurotransmitters into a synapse, responds quickly, exerts short lived effects and adapts quickly to continual stimulation

Endocrine system uses hormones, distributes hormones via the blood stream, responds slowly, exerts long last effects and adapts slowly to continual stimulation

Question 3

Where is the pituitary gland located and what two distinct glands make it up?

Answer 3

It’s located underneath the hypothalamus

Two distinct glands are anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)

Question 4

What is the role of the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin?

Answer 4

Stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormones

Question 5

What is the role of prolactin?

Answer 5

Stimulates milk production in the mammary glands in females and males it makes the test is more sensitive to LH.

Question 6

What is the role of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH)?

Answer 6

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticosteroids

Question 7

What is the role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?

Answer 7

Stimulates egg production in the ovaries and sperm production in the testes

Question 8

What is the role of luteinizing hormone (LH) ?

Answer 8

Stimulates ovulation and oestrogen and put just your own synthesis in females And secretion of testosterone by the testes in males

Question 9

What is the role of the growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin?

Answer 9

Promotes proteins synthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and bone and skeletal growth.

Question 10

Posterior pituitary Vs anterior pituitary

Answer 10

Posterior pituitary is made of neural tissue and stores hormones.

Anterior pituitary is made of glandular tissue and synthesizes hormones

Question 11

What hormone ask on the kidneys to reduce urine volume and prevent hydration?

Answer 11

Antidiuretic hormone also known as vasopressin

Question 12

What does oxytocin do?

Answer 12

Stimulate contractions of the your uterus during childbirth. Also triggers the release of milk from the breast during lactation.

Question 13

Where is the pineal gland located,what hormone is produced and what does it do?

Answer 13

It is located on the roof of the brains third ventricle, melatonin is produced and it is responsible for the key factor of sleep and wake cycle

Question 14

Where is the thymus is located, what hormones are secreted and what do they do?

Answer 14

Thymus is located in the mediastinum Beneath sternum, Thymosin and time of thymopoietin are released and they play a told in the development of the immune system

Question 15

Parathyroid glands on the posterior surface of the thyroid and they secrete calcitonin what is the role of this hormone?

Answer 15

Calcitonin response to rising blood calcium levels and triggers the deposition of calcium in the bone promoting bone formation

Question 16

The adrenal glands perch on top of each kidney, which Which two distinct glands make up the adrenal gland?

Answer 16

Adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex

Question 17

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 17

Aldosterone ask on the kidneys to promote sodium retention and potassium excretion. It also causes water retention

Question 18

What does Cortisol do?

Answer 18

Help the body your dad to stress and repair damage tissues by stimulating the breakdown of fat and protein converting the fat and protein to glucose and releasing Fatty acids and glucose into the blood they are also essential for maintaining a normal blood pressure

Question 19

What is the pericardium

Answer 19

Double walled sack that surrounds the heart

Question 20

What does the endocardium consist of and what does it do?

Answer 20

It consist of a thin layer of squamous epithelial cells. It lines the hearts chambers, covers the valves and continues into the vessels

Question 21

What does the myocardium consist of and what does it do?

Answer 21

Composed of cardiac muscle and forms the middle layer. It is the thickest of the three layers and performs the work of the heart.

Question 22

What does the epicardium consist of and what does it do?

Answer 22

Consist of a thin layer of squamous epithelium cells and covers the hard surface. It is also known as the visceral layer of serous pericardium

Question 23

What are coronary arteries

Answer 23

Vessels that deliver oxygen and blood to the myocardium

Question 24

What is coronary circulation

Answer 24

The hearts on vascular system to keep it supplied with oxygenated blood

Question 25

Where do the great vessels enter and leave the heart?

Answer 25

Base

Question 26

Where can the strongest beat of the heart be felt/heard, point of maximum impulse?

Answer 26

apex

Question 27

Platelets

Answer 27

Called thrombocytes, second most abundant of the formed elements, plays a key role in coagulation, fragments of larger velds and live for 7 days no nucleus

Question 28

Leukocytes

Answer 28

White blood cells, protect against pathogens, fewest of the formed elements, all leukocytes contain a nucleus, wbc count tells us a lot about state of health and infection timelines

Question 29

Pulmonary ventilation

Answer 29

Movement of air, inspiration and expiration, both depend on respiratory muscles, Air pressure within the lungs first outside the body.

Question 30

Pulmonary respiration

Answer 30

Gas exchange, exchange depends on difference in pressure, gas diffusers.

Question 31

Alveoli

Answer 31

Gas exchange occurs here, each aveolus is coated with a thin layer of fluid, containing surfactant- helps reduce friction

Question 32

External intercostal muscles (respiratory)

Answer 32

Pull ribs up and outward

Question 33

Internal intercostal muscles (respiratory)

Answer 33

Elevate ribs

Question 34

Diaphragm

Answer 34

Contracts, flatten and drops, pressing the abdominal organs downward and enlarging the thoracic cavity ( air rushes in to equalize pressure )