Module 7-8 Flashcards
Endocrine system vs exocrine system
Endocrine secretes hormones within the body that end up in the blood stream
Exocrine have exit routes(ducts) to an environment external to themselves
Nervous system vs endocrine system
Nervous system uses neurotransmitters, secretes neurotransmitters into a synapse, responds quickly, exerts short lived effects and adapts quickly to continual stimulation
Endocrine system uses hormones, distributes hormones via the blood stream, responds slowly, exerts long last effects and adapts slowly to continual stimulation
Where is the pituitary gland located and what two distinct glands make it up?
It’s located underneath the hypothalamus
Two distinct glands are anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
What is the role of the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin?
Stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormones
What is the role of prolactin?
Stimulates milk production in the mammary glands in females and males it makes the test is more sensitive to LH.
What is the role of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH)?
Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticosteroids
What is the role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?
Stimulates egg production in the ovaries and sperm production in the testes
What is the role of luteinizing hormone (LH) ?
Stimulates ovulation and oestrogen and put just your own synthesis in females And secretion of testosterone by the testes in males
What is the role of the growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin?
Promotes proteins synthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and bone and skeletal growth.
Posterior pituitary Vs anterior pituitary
Posterior pituitary is made of neural tissue and stores hormones.
Anterior pituitary is made of glandular tissue and synthesizes hormones
What hormone ask on the kidneys to reduce urine volume and prevent hydration?
Antidiuretic hormone also known as vasopressin
What does oxytocin do?
Stimulate contractions of the your uterus during childbirth. Also triggers the release of milk from the breast during lactation.
Where is the pineal gland located,what hormone is produced and what does it do?
It is located on the roof of the brains third ventricle, melatonin is produced and it is responsible for the key factor of sleep and wake cycle
Where is the thymus is located, what hormones are secreted and what do they do?
Thymus is located in the mediastinum Beneath sternum, Thymosin and time of thymopoietin are released and they play a told in the development of the immune system
Parathyroid glands on the posterior surface of the thyroid and they secrete calcitonin what is the role of this hormone?
Calcitonin response to rising blood calcium levels and triggers the deposition of calcium in the bone promoting bone formation
The adrenal glands perch on top of each kidney, which Which two distinct glands make up the adrenal gland?
Adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex
What does aldosterone do?
Aldosterone ask on the kidneys to promote sodium retention and potassium excretion. It also causes water retention
What does Cortisol do?
Help the body your dad to stress and repair damage tissues by stimulating the breakdown of fat and protein converting the fat and protein to glucose and releasing Fatty acids and glucose into the blood they are also essential for maintaining a normal blood pressure
What is the pericardium
Double walled sack that surrounds the heart
What does the endocardium consist of and what does it do?
It consist of a thin layer of squamous epithelial cells. It lines the hearts chambers, covers the valves and continues into the vessels
What does the myocardium consist of and what does it do?
Composed of cardiac muscle and forms the middle layer. It is the thickest of the three layers and performs the work of the heart.
What does the epicardium consist of and what does it do?
Consist of a thin layer of squamous epithelium cells and covers the hard surface. It is also known as the visceral layer of serous pericardium
What are coronary arteries
Vessels that deliver oxygen and blood to the myocardium
What is coronary circulation
The hearts on vascular system to keep it supplied with oxygenated blood
Where do the great vessels enter and leave the heart?
Base
Where can the strongest beat of the heart be felt/heard, point of maximum impulse?
apex
Platelets
Called thrombocytes, second most abundant of the formed elements, plays a key role in coagulation, fragments of larger velds and live for 7 days no nucleus
Leukocytes
White blood cells, protect against pathogens, fewest of the formed elements, all leukocytes contain a nucleus, wbc count tells us a lot about state of health and infection timelines
Pulmonary ventilation
Movement of air, inspiration and expiration, both depend on respiratory muscles, Air pressure within the lungs first outside the body.
Pulmonary respiration
Gas exchange, exchange depends on difference in pressure, gas diffusers.
Alveoli
Gas exchange occurs here, each aveolus is coated with a thin layer of fluid, containing surfactant- helps reduce friction
External intercostal muscles (respiratory)
Pull ribs up and outward
Internal intercostal muscles (respiratory)
Elevate ribs
Diaphragm
Contracts, flatten and drops, pressing the abdominal organs downward and enlarging the thoracic cavity ( air rushes in to equalize pressure )
