Module 20 - Digestive System

Question 1

why are the 2 layers of the muscularis important for digestion?

Answer 1

regularly contract and relax to propel food through the digestive tract

Question 2

another name for the digestive tract

Answer 2

alimentary canal

Question 3

what is the peritoneum

Answer 3

serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs

Question 4

what is the purpose of mesentry?

Answer 4

suspends digestive organs within the abdominal cavity, contains blood vessels, lymph node etc, that supply the digestive organ

Question 5

what is the greater omentum?

Answer 5

prevents friction, helps localize infection

Question 6

what is the lesser omentum?

Answer 6

extends from the lesser curve of the stomach to the liver

Question 7

what is another name for the mouth?

Answer 7

oral or buccal cavity

Question 8

what is the lingual frenulum?

Answer 8

anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Question 9

what is the difference between the hard and soft palates?

Answer 9

hard palate is formed by portions of maxillae and palatine bones, it separates the mouth from the nasal cavity
soft palate consists of mostly skeletal muscle, forms an arch between the mouth and the nasopharynx

Question 10

what are the names of the 2 digestive enzymes found in saliva?

Answer 10

amylase and lipase

Question 11

how does food pass through the pharynx

Answer 11

tongue manipulates the bolus to the back of the oral cavity, soft palate lifts while the larynx rises and food moves through the oropharynx and laryngopharynx on its way to the esophagus

Question 12

what is the primary function of the stomach?

Answer 12

Store food

Question 13

what helps prevent backflow into the esopagus?

Answer 13

lower esopageal sphincter (LES)

Question 14

what is the role of muscularis layer of stomach? why is there an extra layer of muscle in the stomach?

Answer 14

has an extra layer of oblique muscle in addition to longitudinal and circular layers.
The addition of the oblique muscle gives the muscles of the stomach wall a crisscross pattern; this allows the stomach to contract and churn vigorously as it processes food.

Question 15

mucous cells

Answer 15

secrete mucus, protects stomach lining and keeps stomach from digesting itsefl

Question 16

parietal cells

Answer 16

secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor. Hydrochloric acid helps kill microbes in swallowed food

Question 17

Chief cells

Answer 17

secrete digestive enzymes such as pepsinogen

Question 18

enteroendocrine cells

Answer 18

secretes hormone ghrelin (stimulates hypothamalus to increase appetite and gastrin (which influences digestive function)

Question 19

explain the formation and movement of chyme

Answer 19

muscles of the stomache contract and churn to break food into small particles and to mix it with gastric juice, which results in chyme. It leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum by passing through the pyloric sphincter

Question 20

what are the primary functions of the liver?

Answer 20

storing/releasing glucose, processing vitamins and minerals, filtering toxins, and recycling old blood cells

Question 21

where is the portal vein carrying nutrient rich blood to the liver from?

Answer 21

from digestive organs and spleen to liver

Question 22

how about the hepatic artery?

Answer 22

delivers oxygenated blood from the aorta to the liver

Question 23

where does bile come from

Answer 23

liver secretes 1L of bile each day. Gallbladder stores and concentrates it

Question 24

how is blood filtered?

Answer 24

1) nutrient-rich blood from stomach and intestine enters the lobule through small branches of the portal vein. 2)oxygen-rich blood enters the lobule through small branches of the hepatic artery. 3)blood filters through sinusoids allowing cells to remove nutrients, hormones, drugs and toxins.

Question 25

what is the role of Kuppfer cells?

Answer 25

remove bacteria, worn-out red blood cells and debris from bloodstream

Question 26

what substances does the liver secrete into the bloodstream?

Answer 26

clotting factors, albumin, angiotensinogen and glucose

Question 27

what vein carries the processed blood out of the liver?

Answer 27

the central vein

Question 28

what is the main purpose of the gallbladder?

Answer 28

stores and concentrates bile

Question 29

what is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 29

pancreas secretes about 1.5L of pancreatic juice into the small intestine

Question 30

what is the role of acinar cells?

Answer 30

secrete digestive enzymes in an inactive form

Question 31

what is the role of duct cells?

Answer 31

converge on the main pancreatic duct, which joins the bile duct at the hepatopancreatic

Question 32

where does segmentation occur?

Answer 32

at intervals along the small intestine

Question 33

what is the role of bacteria found in the large intestine?

Answer 33

helps digest things we have no digestive enzymes for