Modules 1-2 Flashcards
Catabolism
Metabolic activity that breaks down complex compounds into simpler ones
Acid
Releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
Proteins
The most abundant and important organic compounds in the body.
Cholesterol
The most important steroid in the body.
How do cells obtain energy?
Cells break bonds in ATP molecules
Ionic bond
Transfer of an electron from the outer shell of one atom to the outer shell of another atom.
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are protein catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions.
Bases
Substances are called proton acceptors.
What nucleotide supplies cells with energy?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Fifty percent of an adult’s body weight consists of what substance?
Water
Acidity or alkalinity is determined using?
Is measured on the pH scale, which determines the degree of H+ or OH- ions in the solution.
The basic building block of a protein molecule is?
An amino acid
The four main organic compounds in the human body are?
Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins and lipids.
Which four elements make up more than 96% of the human body?
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen.
What are three characteristics of water that allow it to fulfill vital roles in the body?
1) water is solvent
2) water is lubricant
3) water changes temperature slowly
Triglycerides
Most abundant lipid in the body
Compound
Chemical combinations of two of more elements
Which type of bond results from the weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in one molecule and a slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen atom in another molecule?
Hydrogen
Amino acids link together through?
Peptide bonds
What is the normal pH of human blood? Is it acidic, alkaline, or neutral?
The normal blood pH is 7.35 to 7.45, which is slightly alkaline
Metabolism is
All the chemical reactions that occur in the body.
How is energy define?
Energy is the capacity to do work; this is, to put matter into motion.
What is the body’s main source of energy?
Carbohydrates
Elements
Pure substances that cannot be broken down or decomposed into two or more substances
Which type of bond results when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons?
Covalent
Nucleic acids and nucleotides form?
DNA and RNA
Which type of chemical reaction allows the body to create new proteins?
Synthesis is the creation of a complex substance from simpler substances. The body synthesizes protein from amino acids that it makes and from amino acids in food.
