Module 5-6 Flashcards
Where is the epidermis layer found and what does it consist of?
It is the outermost layer and consists of stratified squamous epithelial tissue and contains no blood vessels
Where is the dermis later found and composed of?
Inner, deeper layer that is composed of connective tissue, primarily collagen fibers but also contains elastin and reticular fibers. Abundance of blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and nerve endings
Where is the subcutaneous layer found and composed of?
Also known as the hypodermis it is beneath the skin and composed of subcutaneous tissue. Made of loose connective(areolar) and adipose tissue. Bunds the skin to the underlying tissue
What is the role of the stratum basale layer and where is it found?
It is the innermost layer of the epidermis, it produces new skin cells as stem cells undergo mitosis
Why do cells stop dividing and produce keratin?
When new skin cells push the older skin cells upward
What is the stratum Corneille composed of and what’s its function?
It consists of 30 layers of dead, flat Charitan coated cells. It’s function is making the skin durable and resistant to absorption. Effective barrier preventing water from entering the body from the outside
What is the arrector pili muscle?
Cold, stress, fear and emotions cause the muscle to contract which causes the hairs to stand on end (goosebumps)
What are nails composed of?
Densely packed heavily keratinized epithelial cells
Eccrine glands
Contain a duct that leads from the secretory portion to the skins surface - found in palms, Four head, souls and upper torso. They produce sweat, aluminate waste and maintain the body temperature.
Apocrine glands
Contain a duck that leads to a hair follicle; these are sent to clients that respond to stress and sexual stimulation. Only has a strong order when it accumulates on the skin because bacteria to grade substances in sweat resulting in body odor. Begins to function during puberty and is located in auxiliary and growing regions
Sebaceous glands
Open into the hair follicle; they secrete an oily substance called sebum. Sebum keeps the skin and nails from drying out.Pimples and blackheads can result from accumulation of excess sebum in gland ducts
third-degree burn
Extends into the subcutaneous layer. May not be painful initially. May appear white or black and leathery. Often requires skin grafts.
second-degree burn
Involves the epidermis and part of the dermis. Result in blisters, severe pain, and swelling. May result in scarring. May appear red, white or tan.
first-degree burn
Involves only the epidermis. Causes redness, slight swelling and pain. Often results from sunlight.
What is the role of oligodenerocytes
Form the myelin sheath in the brain and spinal cord; speed signal conduction
Ependymal cell
Line spinal cord and cavities of the brain; Suncoast secretes cerebrospinal fluid, others have cilia that aid fluid circulation
What is the role of microglia?
Perform phagocytosis and engulfing micro organisms and cellular debris
Astrocytes
Extend through brain tissue;Nourishing neurons; help form-blood brain barrier; attach neurons to blood vessels, provide structural support.
Schwann cells
For Mylan sheath around nerves and PNS, form neurilemma
What is the blood bBrain barrier composed of and what is its role?
It is composed of astrocytes joining endothelial cells lining walls of the pillories. It allows small molecules to diffuse across the brain but blocks larger molecules.
Sensory (afferent) Neurons
Carries impulses towards CNS
Interneurons
In the CNS, connects sensory pathways without going motor pathways
Motor (efferent) Neurons
Relay messages from the brain
What is the role of a neurilemma
Regenerate injured nervous
Cell body (soma)
Control centre of the neuron and contains the nucleus.
Dendrites
Branches of a tree, receive signals from other neurons and contact info to the body cell
The axon
Carries nerve signals away from the body cells, longer than dendrites and contain few branches
Myelin sheath
Insulate the axon and help speed impulse
Nodes of Ranvier
Gaps in Mylan sheath, occur add evenly spaced intervals
Synaptic knob
Axon terminal ending and contains neurotransmitters
Spinal nerves how many and where
8 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal
What are the three layers of the meninges that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord
Dura matter, arachnoid matter, and pia matter
What is the role of cerebral spinal fluid and where is it secreted from and how is it produced?
It fills the ventricles and central canal, bates the outside of the brain and the spinal cord. It is formed from blood by the choroid plexus, secreted from each lateral ventricle
What absorb excess fluid in the CNS
Venous blood stream
What is the role of the cerebellum
It receives and processes messages all over the brain. It is responsible for body movements being smooth coordinated and balanced. Sensory input is evaluated, touch and spatial perception and sound
What is the role of the thalamus
Gateway for most sensory impulses, relays messages regarding certain complex movements; also is involved in memory and emotion.
What are the roles of the hypothalamus
Controls the autonomic nervous system, responsible for hunger, thirst, temperature regulation. Controls the pituitary gland. Is involved in multiple emotional responses including fear, anger, pleasure and aggression
What is the role of the frontal lobe
Governs voluntary movements, memory, emotion, social judgment, decision-making, reasoning and aggression. Aspects of one’s personality.
What is the role of the parietal lobe
Receiving an interpreting bodily sensations; governs awareness of one’s body and body parts in space and in relation to each other
What is the role of the occipital lobe
Concerned with analyzing and interpreting visual information
What is the role of the temporal lobe
Governs hearing, smell, learning, memory, emotional behaviour and visual recognition
What is the role of the insula
Perception, motor control, self-awareness and cognitive functioning
The bulk of the cerebrum is white matter. Why does it appear white and what is the role of white matter
Consist of bundles of myelinated nerve fibres called tracts. Carry impulses from one part of the cerebrum to another or two other parts of the brain or spinal cord
What plays a role in control of movement
The service of the cerebrum (cerebral cortex) Consist of a thin layer of gray matter this matter makes it 40% of the brains mass. Mass is a gray matter also called a basal nuclei or basal ganglia lie deep within the cerebrum
What carries information back-and-forth between the brain and the spinal
Tracts, there are extensions of us sending spinothalamic tractsand is sending Corticospinal tracts
What is the role of the hippocampus
Converting short-term memory into long-term memory, and making it crucial for memory and learning
What is the role of the Amygdala
Emotion Dash anger, jealousy and fear, stores and can recall emotions from past events
What is the right side of the brain me in the
Motor control of the left side of the body, “big picture quotation”, Creativity, emotion, imagination, art and music
What is the left side of the brain mainly responsible for
Motor control of the right side of body, language, analytical thought, logical, concrete,Science, math
What is the role of the autonomic
Regulating the activities that Maintain homeostasis.ANS sends a motor impulses to cardiac muscles, glands and smooth muscle
What is Adaptation
Diminishing of a sensation that occurs after continuous exposure to a stimulus
