Module 17 - Lymphatic system and immunity Flashcards
In what direction does the lymphatic system carry fluid?
in one direction, away from the tissue
maintenance of fluid balance
lymphatic system absorbs fluid left behind from the capillaries and returns it to the bloodstream
absorption of fats
lymphatic vessels in small intestine absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins
immunity
lymph nodes and other lymphatic organs filter lymph to remove microorganisms and foreign particles
what type of cells comprise the lymphatic vessel wall
epithelial cells
how does fluid enter the lymphatic vessels
it enters between overlapping epithelial cells
what role do protein filaments play
they anchor the vessels to surrounding cells that prevents them from collapsing
The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from which parts of the body into which vein?
upper right quadrant of the body into the right subclavian vein
the thoracic duct drains lymph from which parts of the body into which vein?
drains lymph from the rest of the body into the left subclavian vein
red bone marrow
primary lymphatic organ- provides location for B and T lymphocytes to mature
thymus
primary lymphatic organ- promote development of lymphocytes
lymph nodes
secondary lymphatic organ - cleansing lymph, and site for final maturation for some lymphocytes and monocytes
tonsils
secondary lymphatic organ - lymphoid tissue, forms protective circle at the back of the throat
spleen
secondary lymphatic organ- immunity, destruction of old red blood cells, blood storage and hematopoiesis in infants
First line of defense (external barriers)
skin and the mucous membrane
second line of defense (nonspecific immunity)
production of phagocytic white blood cells, and triggering fever and inflammation
third line of defense ( specific immunity)
when the body retains a memory of a pathogen after defeating it; it can quickly target and destroy invaders
what are the two types of antimicrobial proteins and what do they do?
interferons - protein released from virus-infected cells that helps protect nearby cells from invasion
complement - a group of proteins in the blood that, through a cascade of chemical reactions, participate in nonspecific immunity
cellular (cell-mediated) immunity
aims to destroy foreign or host cells that have become infected with a pathogen
humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity
sends out antibodies to “mark” a pathogen for later destruction
Active Immunity
when the body makes its own antibodies or T cells (long term or permanent immunity)
Passive immunity
when immunity results from an injection of antibodies from another person or animal
natural active immunity
when the body produces antibodies or T cells after being exposed to a particular antigen
artificial active immunity
when the body makes T cells and antibodies against disease as a result of vaccination
natural passive immunity
when a fetus acquires antibodies from the mother through the placenta or breast feeding
artificial passive immunity
obtaining serum from a person or animal that has produced antibodies against a certain pathogen and then injecting it into someone else
histamine
substance secreted by injured or irritated cells that produces local vasodilation, among other effects
hyperemia
increased blood flow to an area
natural killer cells
unique group of lymphocytes that continually roam the body seeking out pathogens or diseased cells
