Module 18 - Urinary System

Question 1

Where are the kidneys found, and what protects them?

Answer 1

lie against the posterior abdominal wall, underneath the 11 and 12 ribs. Ribs and a heavy cushion of fat encasing each organ protect them.

Question 2

What is the hilum?

Answer 2

This is where structures like blood vessels, nerves and ureters enter and leave the kidneys.

Question 3

Where does the renal artery bring blood to?

Answer 3

it branches off the abdominal aorta and brings blood to the kidney

Question 4

Blood leaves the kidney through what?

Answer 4

renal vein, which empties into the inferior vena cava

Question 5

afferent arterioles

Answer 5

each afferent arteriole supplies blood to one nephron

Question 6

Efferent arteriole

Answer 6

blood leaves the glomerulus through this

Question 7

Glomerulus

Answer 7

cluster of capillaries that are part of the renal corpuscles in the nephrons

Question 8

Peritubular capillaries

Answer 8

pick up water and solutes reabsorbed nu the renal tubules

Question 9

What is the role of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 9

filters blood plasma

Question 10

Explain how the fluid is filtered from the glomerulus and how it gets to the renal tubule?

Answer 10

fluid filters out of the glomerulus and collects in the space between the two layers of Bowman’s capsule. From there, it flows into the proximal renal tubule on the other side of the capsule.

Question 11

What are the four regions that the renal tubule is divided into?

Answer 11

proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule and collection duct.

Question 12

What lies on the inside of the proximal convoluted tubule that allows for absorption?

Answer 12

thousands of microvilli

Question 13

urine formation involves what three processes?

Answer 13

glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion

Question 14

What allows water and small solutes to filter out of the blood into the Bowman’s capsule

Answer 14

the walls of the glomerular capillaries are dotted with pores that allow this

Question 15

aldosterone

Answer 15

Reabsorbs NaCl and H2O, excretes K+

Question 16

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Answer 16

excretes NaCl and H2O

Question 17

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 17

reabsorbs H2O

Question 18

parathyroid hormone

Answer 18

reabsorbs calcium and excretes phosphate

Question 19

What is the name of the muscle that makes up the wall of the bladder?

Answer 19

Detrusor Muscle

Question 20

Why are females prone to urinary infections over males?

Answer 20

the short urethra makes it easy for bacteria to migrate up and infect the bladder.

Question 21

Functions of the Kidneys

Answer 21

A WET BED
A- Acid-Base balance
W- water removal
E - Erythropoesis
T- toxin removal
B- Blood pressure control
E-electrolyte balance
D- Vitamind D activation

Question 22

What are the two main components of nephrons?

Answer 22

renal corpuscle - filters blood plasma

renal tubule - where urine is formed.