Module D Quiz Questions Flashcards
Graves disease is caused by the production of thyroid-specific autoantibodies that bind to
the thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin.
the TSH receptor on the surface of thyroid epithelial cells.
the triiodothyronine receptor.
the glucagon receptor.
pancreatic cells in the islets of Langerhans.
the TSH receptor on the surface of thyroid epithelial cells.
Which statement about peripheral tolerance is false?
Induction of anergy occurs in T cells and B cells that do not receive a costimulatory signal.
Cytotoxic T cell activity is necessary to destroy self-reactive cells in the peripheral tissues.
Regulatory T cells are involved in ensuring peripheral tolerance.
A costimulatory signal is necessary for B-cell activation.
Peripheral tolerance relies on the fact that an interaction with helper T cells is required for B-cell activation.
Cytotoxic T cell activity is necessary to destroy self-reactive cells in the peripheral tissues.
Which statement about tolerance to self-antigens is true?
Central tolerance occurs through negative selection in secondary lymphoid tissues, and peripheral tolerance occurs through induction of anergy as well as Treg cell activity.
Central and peripheral tolerance both occur in primary lymphoid tissues through negative selection.
Negative selection occurs in the peripheral tissues through the activity of cytotoxic T cells and the cytotoxins they produce.
Central tolerance occurs through negative selection in primary lymphoid tissues, and peripheral tolerance occurs through induction of anergy as well as Treg cell activity.
Tolerance is primarily determined via interactions with TH17 cells and the cytokines they secrete.
Central tolerance occurs through negative selection in primary lymphoid tissues, and peripheral tolerance occurs through induction of anergy as well as Treg cell activity.
Graves disease is caused by
autoantibodies to cardiac myosin, driving complement activation on the surface of heart muscle.
autoantibodies to pancreatic beta cell-specific proteins, including insulin, glutamate decarboxylase, and the phosphatase-related protein.
autoantibodies that bind to joint tissues, causing inflammatory responses.
autoantibodies that act as agonist antibodies when they bind to the TSH receptor.
autoantibodies that mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of thyroid cells.
autoantibodies that act as agonist antibodies when they bind to the TSH receptor.
Hashimoto disease is caused by
autoantibodies that act as agonist antibodies when they bind to the TSH receptor.
autoantibodies to cardiac myosin, driving complement activation on the surface of heart muscle.
autoantibodies that mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of thyroid cells.
autoantibodies to pancreatic beta cell-specific proteins, including insulin, glutamate decarboxylase, and the phosphatase-related protein.
autoantibodies that bind to joint tissues, causing inflammatory responses.
autoantibodies that mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of thyroid cells.
Developing T cells and B cells that express receptors recognizing self-antigens are removed by
removal by cytotoxins produced by cytotoxic T cells.
NK cell deletion through negative selection.
induction of anergy.
negative stromal cell selection.
apoptosis through negative selection.
apoptosis through negative selection.
Eighty percent of autoimmune diseases occur in women. One hypothesis is that women are more susceptible to autoimmune diseases because they have two X chromosomes, while men have one. Why would having two X chromosomes make women more susceptible to autoimmune diseases?
Treg cells control X chromosome expression; failure of these cells to develop due to genetic mutations leads to an increased risk of autoimmune disease in women.
Hormonal regulation of the X chromosome in women’s cells fluctuates more, enhancing the risk of autoimmune disease.
The adaptive immune response reacts to the self antigens generated by random X inactivation in women’s cells.
The likelihood of autoimmunity is increased when immune system reacts to one of the two polymorphic antigens (one paternal, one maternal) from an X chromosome as a foreign molecule.
Men have paternal X chromosomes only, meaning they cannot inherit X-linked diseases through their mothers.
The likelihood of autoimmunity is increased when immune system reacts to one of the two polymorphic antigens (one paternal, one maternal) from an X chromosome as a foreign molecule.
An infectious agent that can trigger the development of rheumatic fever is
Streptococcus pyogenes.
Campylobacter jejuni.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Staphylococcus aureus.
Escherichia coli.
Streptococcus pyogenes.
In the autoimmune disease _, production of antibodies that recognize antigens on Campylobacter jejuni and nervous system gangliosides can cause the targeting of nervous system cells for destruction.
Goodpasture syndrome
systemic lupus erythematosus
rheumatic fever
celiac disease
Guillain–Barré syndrome
Guillain–Barré syndrome
Which disease is caused by absence of the expression of AIRE?
Lupus erythematosus
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1
Graves disease
Rheumatoid arthritis
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1
Corticosteroid treatment prevents lymphocytes from homing to a transplanted organ by
inhibiting interactions between cyclophilin and calcineurin.
inducing the engulfment of lymphocytes by professional phagocytes.
suppressing the release of Hsp90 from steroid hormone receptors.
increasing cellular levels of the NFκB inhibitor Iκb.
suppressing thymidine biosynthesis.
increasing cellular levels of the NFκB inhibitor Iκb.
The transplantation of a pig’s kidney into a human to treat end-stage renal disease is an example of
allograft.
autograft.
isograft.
histograft.
xenograft.
xenograft.
Which disorder can potentially be treated with bone marrow transplantation?
Sickle cell anemia
Kidney failure
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Diabetes
Coronary artery disease
Sickle cell anemia
Alloreactions can be beneficial in the treatment of
severe-combined immunodeficiency.
leukemia.
sickle cell anemia.
diabetes.
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.
leukemia.
Hyperacute rejection mimics a _ reaction due to the involvement of antibody-mediated immune reactions.
graft-versus-host disease
type I hypersensitivity
type II hypersensitivity
type III hypersensitivity
type IV hypersensitivity
type II hypersensitivity
