Exam 1 MC Flashcards
Which of these would represent an intracellular pathogen?
Helminth
Protozoa
Bacterium
Virus
Virus
Which of the following is an agranulocyte?
Eosinophil
Lymphocyte
Basophil
Mast cell
Lymphocyte
Which of these is NOT a secondary lymphoid tissue?
Lymph node
Peyers patch
Thymus
Spleen
Thymus
Which of these is famous for creating the first vaccine for rabies?
Pasteur
Jenner
Koch
Bassi
Pasteur
During an immune response, B-cells differentiate into what?
Granulocytes
Killer cells
Plasma cells
Cytotoxic cells
Plasma cells
Which of these cell types can arise from both myeloid and lymphoid precursors?
B-cell
Neutrophil
Basophil
Dendritic cell
Dendritic cell
What term refers to a state of being resistant to infection by a pathogen?
Allergy
Tolerance
Carrier
Immunity
Immunity
Which of the following is not a chemical barrier in our immune defenses?
Lysozyme
Defensins
Lactic acid
Antibodies
Antibodies
The inactivation of the immune response to self antigens is called what?
Hyposensitivity
Tolerance
Hypersensitivity
Allergy
Tolerance
RIG-1 is a cytosolic receptor that binds to what?
Viral RNA
Viral proteins
Viral DNA
Viral lipids
Viral RNA
What is our immune system’s first line of defense?
Neutrophils
Skin
Antibodies
Complement
Skin
What term refers to the process where neutrophils leave circulation and enter tissues?
Apoptosis
Phototaxis
Diapedesis
Viropexis
Diapedesis
Which of these is recognized by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4)?
Bacterial DNA
Lipopolysaccharide
Double stranded RNA
Flagellin
Lipopolysaccharide
Which of the following is NOT a proinflammatory cytokine?
TNFα
IL-1
IL-6
Interferon
Interferon
Which of these is true of Toll-like receptors?
Are formed by somatic recombination
Recognize pathogen-associated patterns
Bind to specific antigens
Active the complement cascade
Recognize pathogen-associated patterns
Which protein must be degraded to allow signaling by Toll-like receptors to the nucleus?
NF-κB
IκB
MEK
MyD88
IκB
Which of these is NOT typical for an inflammatory response?
Coolness
Redness
Swelling
Pain
Coolness
Defective neutrophil clearance can result in chronic inflammation and the formation of what?
Tumor
Granuloma
Allergy
Eschar
Granuloma
What is the function of DAF in the complement cascade?
Stabilize C5 convertase
Degrade C5 convertase
Stabilize C3 convertase
Degrade C3 convertase
Degrade C3 convertase
Which of the complement cascades acts the fastest?
They all act at the same rate
Alternative
Lectin-binding
Classical
Alternative
Which complement protein forms the pore in the membrane attack complex?
C6
C7
C8
C9
C9
Which of these is NOT an important function of the complement cascade?
Opsonize pathogens
Directly kill pathogens
Active apoptosis of infected cells
Act as a chemoattractant for phagocytes
Active apoptosis of infected cells
What is the function of properdin in the complement cascade?
Stabilize C5 convertase
Degrade C5 convertase
Stabilize C3 convertase
Degrade C3 convertase
Stabilize C3 convertase
Which of these is the C3 convertase in the MBL complement cascade?
C3bBbP
C2b4b
C2b4b3b
C3P0
C2b4b
What is the function of α2-macroglobulin in our serum?
Cleave C3
Sequester proteases
Initiate blood clotting
Carry oxygen
Sequester proteases
Which of these proteins is only active in the alternative complement cascade?
C1
C2
Factor B
MASP
Factor B
Which proteins in the MBL complement cascade perform the same function as C1q2r2 in the classical pathway?
Factor B
Factor D
MASP
C1INH
MASP
What part of our immune defenses are B-cell associated with?
Cell-mediated
Humoral
Innate
None of these
Humoral
What process is responsible for most of the diversity in antibody structure?
Somatic recombination
Somatic hypermutation
N nucleotide addition
P nucleotide addition
Somatic recombination
What chains make up MOST of our T-cell receptors?
Alpha and Beta
Alpha and Gamma
Gamma and Delta
Beta and Delta
Alpha and Beta
What protein sends a signal via phosphorylation when T-cells are activated?
Igα/β
CD-3
CD-4
CD-8
CD-3
What proteins would be found on the surface of a helper T-cell?
T-cell receptor and CD4
T-cell receptor and CD8
CD4 and CD8
T-cell receptor, CD4, and CD8
T-cell receptor and CD4
(I think)
What sort of cytokine action is illustrated to the right?
Autocrine
Endocrine
Paracrine
Exocrine
Paracrine
Antibodies with differing in the antigen binding specificity would be…
Allotypes
Isotypes
Idiotypes
Phenotypes
Idiotypes
Which of these regions is found in the beta chain of the T-cell receptor, but NOT the alpha chain?
V
D
J
C
D
What is the most important antibody in our mucosal defenses?
IgA
IgM
IgG
IgD
IgA
What is the progression of steps in T-cell development?
DN -> DP -> SP
DN -> SP -> DP
DP -> SP -> DN
DP -> DN -> SP
DN -> DP -> SP
What is the most important transcription factor for T-cell development?
Hedgehod
FOX-1
NF-κB
Notch
Notch
What happens to T-cells during development if they do not bind at all to MHC antigens?
Death by neglect
Positive selection
Negative selection
Activation
Death by neglect
Which of these is NOT found in the thymus?
Follicle
Cortex
Medulla
T-cells
Follicle
As T-cells enter the thymus from the bone marrow, they are…
Double positive
Single positive
Double negative
Effector cells
Double negative
What happens to T-cells during development if they bind very tightly to MHC antigens?
Death by neglect
Positive selection
Negative selection
Activation
Negative selection
In our most common type of T-cells, which chain of their T-cell receptor is made first?
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Delta
Beta
What enzyme is critical for the process of somatic recombination?
TδT
Reverse transcriptase
RAG 1/2
RNA polymerase
RAG 1/2
What cell type does the final screening of newly formed T-cells in the medulla before they are released to circulation?
cTEC
AIRE
Neutrophil
Hassall’s corpuscles
AIRE
